Tibial Torsion Malalignment in Small Dogs with Medial Patellar Luxation

Abstract

Objective Medial patellar luxation (MPL) is prevalent in small dogs; however, the causes vary, and few studies have reported tibial deformities. We aimed to conduct a detailed morphological investigation of internal tibial torsion and internal foot rotation and compare the results between MPL grades to better understand the pathogenesis of MPL.

Study Design We performed a morphological study of the tibia and comparison with MPL grade, and established a new parameter, metatarsal orientation relative to the orientation of the tibial tuberosity, the proximal tibia metatarsal angle (PTMTA). The distal tibia metatarsal angle was also established, and tibial torsion angle (TTA), mechanical medial proximal tibial angle, medial distance of the tibial tuberosity/proximal tibial width, and crural rotation angle were compared among the grades of MPL.

Results The PTMTA was significantly higher in grades 3 and 4 than in the normal group. TTA, medial distance of the tibial tuberosity/proximal tibial width, and mechanical medial proximal tibial angle were significantly higher in grade 4 than in the other grades, which is consistent with previous reports. A correlation was also observed between the PTMTA and the TTA.

Conclusion The PTMTA functioned as a parameter that included elements of the distal tibia metatarsal angle, TTA, and medial distance of the tibial tuberosity/proximal tibial width, and is considered clinically useful because it can be visually ascertained during palpation. Our results may play a major role in surgical decision-making in the treatment of MPL.

Keywords

medial patellar luxation - small breed dogs - tibial torsion - malalignment - proximal tibia metatarsal angle

Athors' Contribution

A.I. contributed to the conception, study design, acquisition of data, data analysis and interpretation. Y. Harada and Y. Hara contributed to the conception, study design, data analysis and interpretation. N.K. and Y.N. contributed to the conception, acquisition of data, data analysis and interpretation. All authors drafted, revised, and approved the submitted manuscript and are publicly responsible for the relevant content.

Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 08. November 2023

Angenommen: 21. Oktober 2024

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
21. November 2024

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