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CC BY 4.0 · Eur J Dent 2025; 19(04): 1055-1062
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1801274
Original Article

A Comparative Analysis of Cell Proliferation and Wound Closure in Cultured Gingival Epithelial Cells Using Plasma Rich in Growth Factors and Platelet-Rich Plasma Containing Leukocytes

Authors

  • Yuri Watanabe

    1   Hard Tissue Pathology Unit, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
    2   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan

  • Katsumitsu Shimada

    3   Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan

  • Yousuke Doi

    1   Hard Tissue Pathology Unit, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
    4   Department of Orthodontic Clinic, Matsumoto Dental University Hospital, Nagano, Japan

  • Takuyoshi Higuchi

    1   Hard Tissue Pathology Unit, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan

  • Yoshiya Kato

    3   Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan

  • Xianqi Li

    2   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan

  • Yuji Kurihara

    1   Hard Tissue Pathology Unit, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
    2   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan

  • Satoshi Murakami

    1   Hard Tissue Pathology Unit, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
    3   Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
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Abstract

Objectives

Plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) is presumed to be able to stimulate the regeneration of skin and periodontal tissue. This effect can be attributed to the fact that PRGF contains fewer leukocyte-derived interleukins in comparison to platelet-rich plasma (PRP). However, a comparison of the effects of PRGF and PRP on gingival epithelial cells has not been conducted yet. Therefore, our objective was to clarify and compare the effects of PRGF and PRP on gingival epithelial cell proliferation, wound healing, and gene expression.

Materials and Methods

PRGF and PRP were obtained from three donors. A complete medium containing bovine pituitary extract (BPE) and growth factors was used as a positive control (PC), while a medium without BPE was used as a negative control (NC). We evaluated the presence of platelets and leukocytes, as well as the number of leukocytes, in PRP and PRGF using the cell block method and a cell counting chamber. We assessed gingival epithelial cell proliferation with WST-1 and wound healing by using cell-free culture inserts. To examine the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which is related to cell growth inhibition, and integrin β4, which contributes to cell adhesion, we used quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCRs) under PRGF and PRP samples in vitro. The nonparametric data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test.

Results

Large quantities of platelets were observed in both PRGF and PRP. The leukocyte concentration in PRGF was generally lower than that in PRP. Our report indicated that cell proliferation was significantly higher in PRGF than in PRP on day 1 and 2. We found that there was no significant difference in the wound closure rate between PRGF and PRP in comparison to their respective control groups. The quantitative RT-PCR revealed insignificant differences in mRNA expression as TNF-α and integrin β4 between PRGF and PRP in comparison to the each of their respective control groups.

Conclusion

Our research indicated that PRGF can promote the proliferation of gingival epithelium more than PRP, contributing to the healing of periodontal tissue. TNF-α and integrin β4 mRNA expression may not be significantly involved in wound closure within the gingival epithelium under the influence of PRGF and PRP.

Keywords

PRGF - PRP - gingival epithelial cells - proliferation - wound closure


Publication History

Article published online:
20 January 2025

© 2025. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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