Changing Trends in Maxillofacial Trauma: A Single-Center Retrospective Study in India

Abstract

Background

Maxillofacial trauma is quite commonly encountered either in isolation or in association with polytrauma. The present observational study aims to analyze the changing trends of maxillofacial injuries and mull over some probable reasons for the same.

Materials and Methods

This is an observational retrospective study done at a tertiary care center in Mumbai, India, for a period of 12 years (2008–2019) after getting clearance from the institutional ethics committee. All patients who were admitted in the plastic surgery unit with maxillofacial trauma were included in the study and data were collected from case record sheets in the archives of the department. The data obtained were tabulated and analyzed.

Results

A total 1,046 patients were included in the study. The most common age group involved was 21 to 30 years (50.19%). Males outnumbered females in terms of hospital admissions (92.7 vs. 7.3%). Road traffic accidents (RTA) were found to be the major etiological factor (72.27%). Out of 756 RTA victims, 533 (70.5%) were due to two-wheeler accidents. In the present study, the zygomaticomaxillary complex (middle third) was most commonly fractured (40.73%) followed by the mandible (38.91%). Panfacial fractures (i.e., those involving at least two facial thirds) comprised 10.71% of all the cases.

Conclusion

The incidence of maxillofacial trauma is showing an increasing trend in the recent past. The majority of the patients are victims of RTAs and two-wheeler accidents are increasingly responsible for such injuries. The classical injury patterns and the fracture patterns that were described in the past are not routinely observed now. The injury and fracture pattern itself has become more complex. We observed a statistically significant raise in midface fractures in our study.

Keywords

maxillofacial trauma - facial injury trend - facial trauma epidemiology - craniomaxillofacial surgery

Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
03. Februar 2025

• References

• 1 Bali R, Sharma P, Garg A, Dhillon G. A comprehensive study on maxillofacial trauma conducted in Yamunanagar, India. J Inj Violence Res 2013; 5 (02) 108-116
• 2 Halsey JN, Hoppe IC, Granick MS, Lee ES. A single-center review of radiologically diagnosed maxillofacial fractures: etiology and distribution. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 2017; 10 (01) 44-47
• 3 Hareru HE, Negassa B, Kassa Abebe R. et al. The epidemiology of road traffic accidents and associated factors among drivers in Dilla Town, Southern Ethiopia. Front Public Health 2022; 10: 1007308
• 4 Jaber MA, AlQahtani F, Bishawi K, Kuriadom ST. Patterns of maxillofacial injuries in the Middle East and North Africa: a systematic review. Int Dent J 2021; 71 (04) 292-299 I
• 5 Chandra L, Deepa D, Atri M. et al. A retrospective cross-sectional study of maxillofacial trauma in Delhi-NCR region. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8 (04) 1453-1459
• 6 Alqahtani F, Bishawi K, Jaber M. Analysis of the pattern of maxillofacial injuries in Saudi Arabia: a systematic review. Saudi Dent J 2020; 32 (02) 61-67
• 7 Singh S, Agrawal S, Yadav R, Gupta S. A study on prevalence of road traffic accidents and its risk factors in Jhansi and around Jhansi city (U.P.). J Evol Med Dent Sci 2015; 4: 7499-7508
• 8 Bhoi S, Singh A, Sinha TP. et al. Magnitude and spectrum of injuries sustained in road traffic accidents among two wheeler riders and correlation with helmet use. J Emerg Trauma Shock 2018; 11 (03) 160-164
• 9 Karuppanagounder K, Vijayan AV. Motorcycle helmet use in Calicut, India: user behaviors, attitudes, and perceptions. Traffic Inj Prev 2016; 17 (03) 292-296
• 10 Singaram M, G SV, Udhayakumar RK. Prevalence, pattern, etiology, and management of maxillofacial trauma in a developing country: a retrospective study. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 42 (04) 174-181
• 11 Subhashraj K, Nandakumar N, Ravindran C. Review of maxillofacial injuries in Chennai, India: a study of 2748 cases. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007; 45 (08) 637-639
• 12 Septa D, Newaskar VP, Agrawal D, Tibra S. Etiology, incidence and patterns of mid-face fractures and associated ocular injuries. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2014; 13 (02) 115-119
• 13 Ruikar M. National statistics of road traffic accidents in India. J Orthop Trauma Rehabil 2013; 6: 1-6
• 14 Kim JH, Youn CY, Park ES, Tark MS, Lee YM. A clinical experience and treatment of panfacial fracture. J Korean Cleft Palate-Craniofac Assoc 2003; 4: 1-8
• 15 Weihsin H, Thadani S, Agrawal M. et al. Causes and incidence of maxillofacial injuries in India: 12-year retrospective study of 4437 patients in a tertiary hospital in Gujarat. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 52 (08) 693-696