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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Sleep Sci
DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1805061
Original Article

Napping Habit and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease: Does It Matter If It is Sunday?

Cristina Kano Inazumi 
1   School of Nursing, Universidade Estadual Campinas (Unicamp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
,
Carla Renata Silva Andrechuk 
1   School of Nursing, Universidade Estadual Campinas (Unicamp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
,
Thaís Moreira São-João 
2   College of Nursing, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
,
Marilia Estevam Cornélio 
1   School of Nursing, Universidade Estadual Campinas (Unicamp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
,
Roberta Cunha Matheus Rodrigues 
1   School of Nursing, Universidade Estadual Campinas (Unicamp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
,
Maria Filomena Ceolim 
1   School of Nursing, Universidade Estadual Campinas (Unicamp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
› Author Affiliations Funding Source The authors declare that the present work was financed in part by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (Fapesp; under grant no. 2021/02880-4), by Fundo de Apoio ao Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão (Faepex) of Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp; under grant no. 2423/20), and by Fundação Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior–Programa Institucional de Internacionalização (CAPES–PrInt; under grant no. 8881.311294/201800).
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Abstract

Objective To assess the relationships involving the habit of napping and the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.

Materials and Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study with 563 participants (mean age: 45.0 ± 8.5 years; 56.7% of female subjects). The variables assessed were sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle and health habits, clinical variables, and napping habits (intentionality and allocation on weekdays or on weekends). The statistical tests used were the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests followed by Dunn's post-hoc test and Pearson's Chi-squared. Modified multiple Poisson regression models and multiple linear regression models were adjusted.

Results In total, 56.6% of the participants napped (43.2% during the week and 51.8% on weekends). Unintentional napping predominated on weekdays (22.6%), and intentional napping on weekends (29.7%). Those who intentionally napped on weekdays presented higher serum lipid profile values; those who napped unintentionally on weekdays or on weekends presented higher glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values. Age, education, race, marital status, alcohol consumption, and physical activity were associated with increased body mass index (BMI), HbA1c, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and non-HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. Intentional and unintentional napping remained independent risk factors for increased HbA1c and lipid profile.

Conclusion Naps can represent a warning sign for health professionals to start or maintain an individual's follow-up. The present study contributes to the literature by identifying that the habit of intentional napping, especially on weekdays, is associated with changes in the lipid profile.

Keywords

sleep - cardiovascular diseases - excessive daytime sleepiness

Ethical Considerations

The current study was approved by the institutional Ethics in Research Committee, under authorization number CAAE: 28971320.5.0000.5404, and followed the current ethical recommendations.




Publication History

Received: 16 August 2024

Accepted: 09 January 2025

Article published online:
03 April 2025

© 2025. Brazilian Sleep Academy. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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Bibliographical Record
Cristina Kano Inazumi, Carla Renata Silva Andrechuk, Thaís Moreira São-João, Marilia Estevam Cornélio, Roberta Cunha Matheus Rodrigues, Maria Filomena Ceolim. Napping Habit and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease: Does It Matter If It is Sunday?. Sleep Sci ; : s00451805061.
DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1805061
 

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