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Open Access
CC BY 4.0 · Eur J Dent 2025; 19(04): 869-881
DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1806958
Review Article

Magnesium Infusion on Dental Implants and Its Impact on Osseointegration and Biofilm Development: A Review

Authors

  • Dyah Anindya Widyasrini

    1   Department of Dental Biomaterial, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
    2   Doctoral Study Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

  • Mutiara Annisa

    1   Department of Dental Biomaterial, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

  • Siti Sunarintyas

    1   Department of Dental Biomaterial, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

  • Lakshman Samaranayake

    3   Oral Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong
    4   Dr DY Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr DY Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, India

  • Widowati Siswomihardjo 

    1   Department of Dental Biomaterial, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Abstract

Dental implants have gained global popularity as a treatment option for tooth loss. The success of dental implants depends on their optimal integration into the tissues of the alveolar bone and the periodontium. However, several factors can hinder the proper osseointegration of implants, with the growth of biofilm on the implant surface and subsequent peri-implant infections being significant concerns. To overcome this challenge, researchers have explored the incorporation of antimicrobial agents onto metallic implant surfaces to mitigate biofilm growth. Ideally these agents should promote osteogenesis while exhibiting antibacterial effects. Magnesium (Mg) has emerged as a promising dual-function implant coating due to its osteogenic and antibacterial properties. Despite several studies, the precise mechanisms behind osteoinductive and antimicrobial effect of Mg is unclear, as yet. This review aims to collate and discuss the utility of Mg as a dental implant coating, its impact on the osteogenic process, potential in mitigating microbial growth, and prospects for the future. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across several databases and the findings reveal the promise of Mg as a dual-function dental implant coating material, both as a standalone agent and in combination with other materials. The antibacterial effect of Mg is likely to be due to its (1) toxicity particularly at high concentrations, (2) the production or reactive oxygen species, and (3) pH modulation, while the osteoinductive effect is due to a complex series of cellular and biochemical pathways. Despite its potential both as a standalone and composite coating, challenges such as degradation rate, leaching, and long-term stability must be addressed. Further research is needed to understand the utility of Mg as an implant coating material, particularly in relation to its antibacterial activity, osseointegration, and longevity in the oral milieu.

Keywords

magnesium - dental implant - coating - osteoinductive - antibacterial


Publication History

Article published online:
23 April 2025

© 2025. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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