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CC BY 4.0 · Indian Journal of Neurotrauma
DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1809174
Review Article

Liver Dysfunction in Patients with Neurotrauma

Luis Rafael Moscote-Salazar 
1   Department of Research, AV HealthCare, Innovators, LLC, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
,
Tariq Janjua 
2   Department of Research, Aneuclose, Eagan, Minnesota, United States
,
Ved Praksh Maurya 
3   Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
,
Amit Agrawal 
4   Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has emerged as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the world, often instigating systemic complications. An underappreciated consequence of TBI is hepatic dysfunction, which can potentiate neuroinflammation and worsen the patient's prognosis. This mini-review describes how neurotrauma drives liver dysfunction mechanisms, alongside the involvement of the systemic inflammatory response and possible treatment modalities to prevent secondary organ injury. A literature review was performed to assess current evidence on TBI-induced hepatic dysfunction, inflammatory mediators, and liver–brain interactions. Neurotrauma activates the systemic acute-phase response that brings hepatocellular injury, metabolic disruption, and immune dysfunction. Changes in the gut–liver–brain axis, an increase of oxidative stress, and changes in cytokine signaling altogether result in secondary liver injury following TBI. Liver dysfunction should be considered a secondary complex consequent with TBI to derive better management for patients. Future studies should be directed toward brain–liver axis-targeted therapeutic interventions to manage systemic inflammatory responses.

Keywords

traumatic brain injury (TBI) - hepatic dysfunction - neuroinflammation - systemic complications - systemic inflammatory response - neurotrauma - hepatocellular injury - metabolic disruption


Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
20. Juni 2025

© 2025. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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