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DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1809529
Lymphocyte Count, Serum Albumin and Transferrin Levels in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty
Contagem de linfócitos e concentrações séricas de albumina e transferrina em pacientes submetidos à artroplastia total de joelhoFinancial Support The present survey has not received any specific funding from public, commercial, or not-for-profit funding agencies.

Abstract
Objective
Describe the prevalence of preoperative malnutrition in individuals undergoing primary TKA and to assess its association with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and comorbidities, as well as the risk of prolonged postsurgical hospitalization, early prosthetic joint infection (PJI), or readmission.
Methods
We conducted a cohort study of TKAs performed between 2014 and 2016. Preoperative malnutrition was defined as a total lymphocyte count < 1,500 cells/mm3, a serum albumin concentration < 3.5 g/dL, or a transferrin concentration < 200 mg/dL within the six months before surgery.
Results
Out of the 2080 TKAs performed, 1099 had valid lymphometry, albumin, and transferrin data and were included in the analysis. The prevalence of malnutrition was 17.7%. Independent factors associated with a higher prevalence of malnutrition were age (OR = 1.03; 95% CI = (1.01–1.05)), anemia (1.55 (1.05–2.28)), low weight (3.13 (1.50–6.50)), and normal weight (1.85 (1.21–2.82)). Diabetes mellitus was inversely associated with malnutrition (0.60 (0.38–0.96)). Early PJI was diagnosed in 18 (1.6%) participants. There was no statistically significant and independent association between malnutrition and postsurgical complications.
Conclusion
Altered lymphocyte count, serum albumin, and transferrin levels is common among individuals undergoing TKA, particularly in older patients, those with anemia, and individuals with normal or low weight. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to better assess the relationship between malnutrition and adverse outcomes following TKA.
Resumo
Objetivo
Descrever a prevalência de desnutrição pré-operatória em indivíduos submetidos à ATJ primária e avaliar sua associação à idade, sexo, índice de massa corporal (IMC) e comorbidades, bem como o risco de hospitalização pós-operatória prolongada, infecção articular periprotética (IAP) precoce ou readmissão.
Métodos
Este é um estudo de coorte de ATJs realizadas entre 2014 e 2016. A desnutrição pré-operatória foi definida pelo número total de linfócitos < 1.500 células/mm3, concentração sérica de albumina < 3,5 g/dL ou concentração de transferrina < 200 mg/dL nos 6 meses anteriores à cirurgia.
Resultados
Das 2.080 ATJ realizadas, 1.099 casos tinham dados válidos de linfometria, albumina e transferrina e foram incluídas na análise. A prevalência de desnutrição foi de 17,7%. Os fatores independentes associados à maior prevalência de desnutrição foram idade (razão de chances [OR] = 1,03; intervalo de confiança [IC] de 95% = 1,01-1,05), anemia (1,55 [1,05-2,28]), baixo peso (3,13 [1,50-6,50]) e peso normal (1,85 [1,21-2,82]). O diabetes mellitus foi inversamente associado à desnutrição (0,60 [0,38-0,96]). A IAP precoce foi diagnosticada em 18 (1,6%) participantes. Não houve associação estatisticamente significativa e independente entre desnutrição e complicações pós-cirúrgicas.
Conclusão
As alterações em números de linfócitos e concentrações séricas de albumina e transferrina são comuns em indivíduos submetidos à ATJ, em especial em pacientes mais velhos, anêmicos e com peso normal ou baixo. Estudos futuros com amostras maiores são necessários para avaliar melhor a relação entre desnutrição e desfechos adversos após ATJ.
Keywords
knee - osteoarthritis - arthroplasty, replacement, knee - malnutrition - periprosthetic joint infectionPalavras-chave
joelho - osteoartrite - artroplastia do joelho - desnutrição - infecção articular periprotéticaWork developed at the Instituto Nacional de Traumatologia e Ortopedia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Publication History
Received: 16 October 2024
Accepted: 27 March 2025
Article published online:
25 July 2025
© 2025. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Thieme Revinter Publicações Ltda.
Rua Rego Freitas, 175, loja 1, República, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01220-010, Brazil
Bernardo Crespo Alves, Amanda S. Cavalcanti, Kelly Biancardini Gomes Barbato, João Maurício Barretto, Juliana Arruda de Matos. Lymphocyte Count, Serum Albumin and Transferrin Levels in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty. Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo) 2025; 60: s00451809529.
DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1809529
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