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DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1809698
Association between Mandibulofacial Asymmetry and Temporomandibular Disorder Using Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorder (DC/TMD)
Funding This study was funded by the Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia.
Abstract
Objective
Mandibulofacial asymmetry can cause disharmony in facial appearance and smile and may also impair stomatognathic function and speech ability, negatively affecting psychological well-being and quality of life. This condition is also commonly associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). This study aimed to analyze the relationship between mandibulofacial asymmetry and TMDs.
Materials and Methods
This study conducted a cross-sectional study involving 42 patients (14 males and 28 females) aged 17 to 45 years. The diagnosis of TMDs was made using the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders, and facial asymmetry was assessed using frontal photography.
Result
The results showed that 76.2% of the patients with mandibulofacial asymmetry had a TMD. Statistical tests showed a relationship between mandibulofacial asymmetry and TMDs (p-value < 0.05).
Conclusion
The TMD is closely related to mandibulofacial asymmetry. However, the relationship between mandibulofacial asymmetry and the specific categories of TMDs was not statistically significant, as determined by multinomial regression analysis.
Keywords
facial asymmetry - temporomandibular joint disorders - photography - diagnostic techniques and procedures - diagnosisPublication History
Article published online:
05 August 2025
© 2025. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
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