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DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1810123
Prevenção e tratamento da instabilidade na artroplastia total do quadril
Instability Prevention and Treatment in Total Hip ReplacementAuthors
Suporte Financeiro Os autores declaram que não receberam suporte financeiro de agências dos setores público, privado ou sem fins lucrativos para a realização deste estudo.
Resumo
A instabilidade é uma complicação desafiadora e uma das principais causas de revisão na cirurgia de prótese de quadril. A incidência da luxação varia de 0,5 a 10% nas próteses primárias e pode chegar a 30% nas cirurgias de revisão. Existem diversos fatores de risco descritos na literatura, sendo que podemos dividi-los em dependentes do cirurgião, dependentes do paciente e dependentes do implante. O conhecimento pleno desses fatores é fundamental para a prevenção e manejo da instabilidade. O tratamento preventivo envolve planejamento pré-operatório, posicionamento adequado dos componentes, restabelecimento da biomecânica normal do quadril, identificação de fatores de risco e escolha adequada do implante. Aproximadamente dois terços dos episódios de luxação podem ser tratados não cirurgicamente com redução fechada, orientações e fortalecimento muscular. Um terço evoluiu para luxações recorrentes e necessita de intervenção cirúrgica. A cirurgia de revisão deve ser direcionada diretamente para a causa da instabilidade. Quando necessário, considerar a utilização de implantes especiais como acetábulos de dupla mobilidade, insertos de polietileno com rebordo elevado, acetábulos constritos ou cabeças de grande diâmetro. Avanços tecnológicos na área da cirurgia robótica e na compreensão da biomecânica da luxação relacionada ao balanço espinopélvico são temas atuais promissores que devem impactar em melhorias na prevenção e no tratamento da instabilidade.
Abstract
Instability is a challenging complication and a significant revision cause in hip replacement surgery. The incidence of dislocation ranges from 0.5 to 10% in primary prostheses and can reach up to 30% in revision surgeries. The literature describes several risk factors, including surgeon-, patient-, and implant-related factors. Knowledge of these factors is essential to preventing and managing instability cases. Preventive treatment involves preoperative planning, adequate component positioning, normal hip biomechanics re-establishment, risk factor identification, and proper implant selection. Approximately two thirds of dislocation episodes are treatable with non-surgical treatment with closed reduction, education, and muscle strengthening. One third of the cases develop recurrent dislocations and require surgical intervention. Revision surgery should target the cause of instability. When necessary, consider special implants, such as dual-mobility acetabular components, polyethylene-based lipped acetabular liners, constrained acetabular inserts, or large-diameter prosthetic heads. Technological advances in robotic surgery and the understanding of the biomechanics of spinopelvic swing-related dislocation are promising current topics that may improve the prevention and treatment of instability.
Palavras-chave
artroplastia de quadril - complicações pós-operatórias - instabilidade articular - luxações articulares/prevenção & controleKeywords
arthroplasty, replacement, hip - joint dislocations/prevention & control - joint instability - postoperative complicationsContribuições dos Autores
Cada autor contribuiu individual e significativamente para o desenvolvimento deste artigo: BAR: coordenação e escrita do manuscrito. FSMY: revisão bibliográfica e escrita do manuscrito. MRI, LTO, HSM, e HMCG: escrita do manuscrito.
Trabalho desenvolvido no Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo (IOT-HCFMUSP) e no Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Publication History
Received: 18 November 2024
Accepted: 22 May 2025
Article published online:
10 December 2025
© 2025. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Thieme Revinter Publicações Ltda.
Rua Rego Freitas, 175, loja 1, República, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01220-010, Brazil
Bruno Alves Rudelli, Fabio Seiji Mazzi Yamaguchi, Marco Rudelli, Lucas Torres Oliveira, Helder de Souza Miyahara, Henrique Melo de Campos Gurgel. Prevenção e tratamento da instabilidade na artroplastia total do quadril . Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo) 2025; 60: s00451810123.
DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1810123
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