Evaluation of Conservative versus Surgical (Open and Minimally Invasive) Treatment of Metacarpal and Metatarsal Fractures in Dogs and Cats: A Multicentre Retrospective Study

Introduction: The objective of this study was to compare outcomes of meta-bone fracture treatment in dogs and cats when treated conservatively versus surgically, with both open and closed approaches. Secondary objectives aimed to evaluate the effect of variables such as external coaptation and adherence to previously published treatment guidelines on healing. We hypothesized that there would be no difference in outcomes between fractures managed conservatively versus surgically and between those repaired with an open versus closed approach.

Materials and Methods: Medical records (April 2010–July 2024) were searched for dogs and cats treated for meta-bone fractures. Information was collected regarding fracture description, treatment, external coaptation, radiographic healing, clinical outcome, and complications. Data was compared between cases managed surgically and conservatively.

Results: Twenty-two cases were managed conservatively and 31 were surgically. The time between fracture and treatment was shorter in the conservative group. Both weight-bearing digits were fractured in 45/53 cases and had similar outcomes with surgical versus conservative treatment. The mean length of time with external coaptation did not differ between groups (46.5 vs. 39.8 days). The overall success rate was 92.5%, with no difference in outcome or time to radiographic union. There was a 49.1% complication rate. Eighteen out of 21 cases had successful outcomes when treated conservatively against published guidelines.

Discussion/Conclusion: This study has several limitations inherent to its retrospective nature. Findings showed no significant difference in fracture outcomes between conservative versus surgical treatment. Most reported complications were secondary to bandage morbidity and poor owner compliance. The radiographic union does not always correlate with successful clinical outcomes.

Acknowledgment

None.

Publication History

Article published online:
15 July 2025