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CC BY 4.0 · Eur J Dent
DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1810610
Original Article

Clinical Outcomes of rhBMP-2-Loaded Collagen Sponge for Alveolar Ridge Preservation: A Pilot Study

Peungchaleoy Thammanichanon
1   Institute of Dentistry, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
2   Oral Health Center, Suranaree University of Technology Hospital, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
,
Warisara Ouyyamwongs
3   Private Practice, Bangkok, Thailand
,
Katanchalee Mai-ngam
4   Metal and Materials Technology (MTEC), Medical Product Innovation Research Team, Prathumtani, Thailand
,
Pawornwan Rittipakorn 
1   Institute of Dentistry, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
2   Oral Health Center, Suranaree University of Technology Hospital, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
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Abstract

Objectives

Alveolar bone resorption following tooth extraction poses a significant clinical challenge. While various ridge preservation techniques exist, limitations remain. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) delivered via an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) has shown promise in bone augmentation. This pilot randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ACS combined with rhBMP-2 for alveolar ridge preservation in maintaining ridge dimensions after tooth extraction.

Materials and Methods

This pilot randomized controlled trial enrolled 11 participants with 16 extraction sites, randomized to either the intervention (ACS/rhBMP-2) or the control (empty socket) group. The in vitro release kinetics of rhBMP-2 from the ACS carrier were measured over 13 days using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Clinical procedures involved atraumatic extraction, followed by the placement of ACS/rhBMP-2 in the intervention group. Alveolar ridge dimensions were assessed using cone-beam computed tomography at baseline (T0), and at 4 (T4), 8 (T8), and 12 weeks (T12) post-extraction.

Statistical Analysis

Data were presented as mean ± standard deviation. A linear mixed model was used to compare dimensional changes over time between the two groups. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The in vitro assay showed a gradual, sustained release of rhBMP-2 from the ACS, with a cumulative release of 7.28% (117 ± 5.18 µg) over 13 days. No postoperative complications were observed in any participant. At 12 weeks, the ACS/rhBMP-2 group demonstrated a statistically significant preservation of buccal bone height, with 1.80 mm less vertical reduction compared to the control group. No significant differences were found between groups for palatal/lingual bone reduction or for changes in the overall bucco-lingual ridge width.

Conclusions

The application of ACS combined with rhBMP-2 is an effective approach for mitigating buccal bone resorption after tooth extraction. This intervention is clinically significant as it preserves critical buccal plate height, potentially reducing the need for further augmentation prior to implant placement, even though it does not prevent overall ridge width collapse.

Keywords

alveolar ridge preservation - biomaterials - rhBMP-2 - collagen

Declaration of Generative AI and AI-Assisted Technologies in the Writing Process

During the preparation of this work, the authors used Chat GPT4o (United States) for English editing, grammar rephrasing, and checking the logical flow. After using this tool, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.




Publication History

Article published online:
13 August 2025

© 2025. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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