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CC BY 4.0 · Eur J Dent
DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1811225
Original Article

Effect of Surface Cleaning and Heat Treatment on Shear Bond Strength of Cement-Contaminated Zirconia

Laksika Suwannachot
1   Esthetic Restorative and Implant Dentistry Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok, Thailand
,
Niyom Thamrongananskul
2   Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok, Thailand
,
Suparaksa Yamockul
2   Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok, Thailand
,
Atikom Surintanasarn
2   Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok, Thailand
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Abstract

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of zirconia to dual-cured resin cement following various cleaning protocols and surface treatments after cement contamination.

Materials and Methods

Seventy-seven zirconia specimens (5 × 5 × 2.5 mm3) were fabricated, polished, and randomly divided into seven groups (n = 11). Ten specimens per group were tested for SBS, and one was reserved for scanning electron microscopy. Group C− was cemented without surface treatment, while group C+ received air abrasion prior to cementation. Groups F − , F + , FT + , S − , and S+ were initially air-abraded and then contaminated with resin cement. F-series groups were cleaned using a furnace, and S-series with a piezoelectric scaler. Among these, F + , FT + , and S+ received additional air abrasion prior to re-cementation, whereas F− and S− did not. Groups F+ and S+ were re-cemented immediately, whereas FT+ was re-cemented 7 days after surface re-treatment. All specimens were artificially aged before SBS testing.

Statistical Analysis

One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD post-hoc test was used for statistical analysis (α = 0.05).

Results

Statistically significant differences in SBS were found among the groups (p < 0.05). Group F+ demonstrated the highest bond strength (6.60 ± 1.10 MPa), followed by groups C+ (6.59 ± 0.94 MPa) and S+ (5.42 ± 0.87 MPa), with no significant differences among these three. The lowest SBS was observed in group C− (2.66 ± 0.51 MPa). Intermediate values were recorded in groups F− (4.17 ± 0.95 MPa), FT+ (4.41 ± 0.95 MPa), and S− (4.60 ± 1.17 MPa), which did not differ significantly from each other.

Conclusion

Cleaning cement-contaminated zirconia using a furnace or piezoelectric scaler, followed by air abrasion and immediate re-cementation, significantly improves SBS to levels comparable with clean, air-abraded zirconia. Air abrasion enhances bonding efficacy, while delayed re-cementation may diminish bond strength even after surface re-treatment.

Keywords

re-cementation - resin cement - contamination - shear bond strength - surface treatment - zirconia


Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
22. August 2025

© 2025. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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