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DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1811589
Comparative Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength: 3D-Printed Composite Versus Zirconia and E-max on Feldspathic Ceramic Rods Using Two Resin Cements
Authors

Abstract
Objective
This article aims to evaluate the shear bond strength of a 3D-printed composite resin compared with well-established materials (zirconia and E-max), bonded with two different resin cements: Panavia V5 and ResiCem EX.
Materials and Methods
Shear bond strength was tested across six material–cement combinations: zirconia, E-max, and 3D-printed composite resin, each bonded with either Panavia V5 or ResiCem EX. A total of 24 discs were prepared from each material, with 12 specimens allocated to each group (10 tested bond strength and 2 microscopy). The bonding interfaces were examined using a digital optical microscope. Shear bond strength was measured using an Instron universal testing machine, and statistical analysis was performed using one-way and two-way ANOVA.
Results
The highest shear bond strength was observed in 3D-printed composite resin bonded with Panavia V5 (20.74 MPa), which was significantly higher than zirconia bonded with ResiCem EX (13.9 MPa, p = 0.010). No significant differences were noted between the remaining material–cement combinations.
Conclusion
3D-printed composite resin demonstrated superior bond strength compared with zirconia and E-max; Panavia V5 showed potential as a reliable cement for clinical applications. These findings support the growing role of 3D-printed composites in restorative dentistry.
Keywords
zirconia - E-max - 3D-printed composites - shear bond strength - Panavia V5 - ResiCem EX - dental restorationsDeclaration of GenAI Use
This article was prepared with the assistance of OpenAI's ChatGPT, which was used solely for language refinement and enhancing clarity. The use of AI was limited to linguistic support; all research content, data analysis, interpretation, and conclusions are the original work of the author.
Publication History
Article published online:
23 September 2025
© 2025. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
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