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Open Access
CC BY 4.0 · Eur J Dent
DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1812106
Original Article

Salivary Albumin and Alkaline Phosphatase in Infants: Exploring the Link Between Early Dental Development and Biomarkers

Authors

  • Sindy Cornelia Nelwan

    1   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
    2   Research Center for Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia

  • Udijanto Tedjosasongko 

    1   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
    2   Research Center for Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia

  • Tania Saskianti 

    1   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
    2   Research Center for Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia

  • Ardianti Maartrina Dewi 

    1   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia

  • Erika Setyowati

    1   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia

  • Sofia Tandya Putri

    1   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia

  • Nunthawan Nowwarote

    3   Department of Physiopathology and Oral Molecular, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Universite Paris Cite, Sorbonne Universite, Paris, France

Funding This research is funded and supported by The Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of Indonesia as a part of research and community service funding program in 2024 with contract number 040/E5/ PG.02.00.PL/2024;1636/B/UN3.LPPM/PT.01.03/2024.
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Abstract

Objectives

This study aims to investigate the relationship between dental age and the levels of albumin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in saliva among children aged 6 to 24 months. This study evaluates their potential as noninvasive biomarkers for monitoring dental development. Specifically, it sought to determine whether these salivary proteins increase proportionally with dental age, providing an objective method to assess tooth eruption patterns in early childhood.

Materials and Methods

Ethical approval was granted by the Airlangga University Hospital ethics committee to conduct this cross-sectional study in 33 children aged 6 to 24 months to collect data on dental age, albumin, and ALP levels in saliva. Saliva was taken using an absorbent paper and tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Statistical Analysis

The data obtained were then analyzed by statistical tests using SPSS. Correlation test was analyzed using the Pearson's correlation test. A significance level of p < 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance.

Results

The correlation test showed a significant relationship between dental age, albumin, and ALP levels in saliva (p < 0.05), albumin and ALP levels in saliva increase along the children's dental age.

Conclusion

This significant relationship suggests albumin and ALP in saliva as potential biomarkers in detecting dental age and tooth eruption in children.

Keywords

tooth eruption - dental age - albumin - alkaline phosphatase - saliva - good health and well-being


Publication History

Article published online:
22 October 2025

© 2025. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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