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CC BY 4.0 · Eur J Dent
DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1812112
Original Article

Effect of Centrifugation Methods on the Regenerative Potential of Concentrated Platelet-Rich Fibrin: An In Vitro Study

Authors

  • Kwartarini Murdiastuti 

    1   Periodontics Specialisation Study Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
    2   Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

  • Abyan Teguh Saputro

    1   Periodontics Specialisation Study Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

  • Dharmmesti Anindita Wijayanti

    1   Periodontics Specialisation Study Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Abstract

Objective

A new type of platelet concentrate used in regenerative periodontal therapy, called concentrated platelet-rich fibrin (C-PRF), contains more growth factors than previous generations of platelet concentrate. Compared to fixed-angle centrifugation, a recently discovered technique called horizontal centrifugation can produce C-PRF with a more evenly distributed quantity of platelets and improved biological properties. This study aims to determine the effect of horizontal and fixed-angle centrifugation methods on the release of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and platelet-derived growth factor AB (PDGF-AB), as well as on the migration and proliferation of osteoblast cells.

Materials and Methods

This study used two test groups: a horizontal group and a fixed-angle group. The release of growth factors TGF-β1 and PDGF-AB was measured at five time points: the first, third, seventh, 10th, and 14th days of incubation, using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To determine the effect of C-PRF type on osteoblast cell migration, a scratch wound healing assay was conducted 24 hours after incubation. Osteoblast cell proliferation was counted using a 450-nm microplate reader to determine the number of cells in the well plate on the first, third, and fifth days, with the Cell Counting Kit-8. The data were examined using two-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) and post hoc LSD (least significant difference).

Results

The findings indicated a statistically significant increase in the release of TGF-β1 and PDGF-AB in the horizontal group compared to the fixed-angle group over a 14-day period. The horizontal group's TGF-β1 release increased by a factor of 1.5 compared to the fixed-angle group, peaking on day 7. Following a 24-hour incubation period and microscopic examination, the horizontal group exhibited greater osteoblast migratory activity than the control group and the fixed-angle centrifugation group. Horizontal centrifugation C-PRF had a significantly greater effect on osteoblast proliferation than fixed-angle centrifugation. The horizontal group's proliferation rate surpassed that of the fixed-angle group by up to 1.5 times on the third day of observation.

Conclusion

Compared to fixed-angle centrifugation, the horizontal method of preparing C-PRF has a greater effect on the release of growth factors and the behavior of osteoblasts.

Keywords

horizontal centrifugation - fixed-angle centrifugation - concentrated platelet-rich fibrin - TGF-β1 - PDGF-AB - proliferation - migration

Informed Consent

For this study, informed written consent was provided to conduct the outlined experiments prior to the blood collection from volunteers.




Publication History

Article published online:
07 November 2025

© 2025. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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