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DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-10020
Erfolgreiche Therapie des hepatorenalen Syndroms mit Noradrenalin[]*
Publication History
15.3.1999
27.6.2000
Publication Date:
31 December 2000 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Eine 39-jährige Patientin mit äthyltoxischer Leberzirrhose kam unter dem Bild einer akuten Alkoholhepatitis zur Aufnahme. Im Laufe einer Woche kam es ohne zusätzlichen Auslöser zur Entwicklung eines hepatorenalen Syndroms (HRS) (Creatinin 5,83 mg/dl, Harnstoff 235 mg/dl). Es lag eine verminderte Stundenurinproduktion mit 31 ml/h vor, die Natriumausscheidung betrug nur 10 mmol/l Urin. Eine Plasmaexpansion mit Gabe von Volumen und Albumin sowie die Gabe von Dopamin (3 µg/kg/min) und - bei nicht diuretikavorbehandeltem/-induziertem HRS - Furosemid (500 mg/24 h) erhöhten zwar die Diurese auf 131 ml/h, verbesserten aber nicht die Azotämie. Daraufhin wurde eine Therapie mit Noradrenalin (NA) begonnen. Zielkriterium war die Anhebung des arteriellen Mitteldrucks um 10-20 mm Hg. Dazu waren Dosierungen von 0,1-0,12 µg/ kg/min NA erforderlich. Hierunter stieg die Diurese auf 231 ml/h, die Natriumausscheidung auf 44 mmol/l Urin, Serumkreatinin und -harnstoff sanken auf 1,91 mg/dl bzw. 141 mg/dl ab. Bei sich erholender Leberfunktion konnte die NA-Therapie nach 5 Tagen beendet werden, ein Rezidiv des hepatorenalen Syndroms trat bis zur Entlassung 3 Wochen später nicht auf.
Die Kombination aus Noradrenalin und Dopamin scheint - neben dem Vasopressinanalogon Ornipressin - als weiteres Therapieverfahren zur Behandlung des HRS geeignet. Noradrenalin hat dabei den Vorteil der raschen Verfügbarkeit auf Intensivstationen und besitzt vermutlich ein geringeres Nebenwirkungsprofil als Ornipressin.
Successful therapy of hepatorenal syndrome with norepinephrine
A 39-year-old female with alcoholic cirrhosis was admitted with signs of an alcoholic hepatitis. Within one week a hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) (Creatinin 5.83 mg/100 ml, Harnstoff 235 mg/100 ml) evolved in the absence of additional causes. She had a diminished water (urine volume 31 ml/h) and sodium excretion (10 mmol/l). Urine flow was increased to 131 ml/h by plasma expansion with i. v. infusion of volume and albumin and with infusion of dopamine (3 µg/kg/min) and, as there was no diuretic pretreatment and thus, no HRS secondary to diuretic treatment, furosemide (500 mg/24 h). However, impairment of renal function remained unchanged with this therapy. Therefore, norepinephrine (NE) therapy was initiated. A dosage of 0.1-0.12 µg/kg/min was necessary to achieve the desired increase in the mean arterial pressure of 10-20 mm Hg. During the NE infusion the urine volume increased further to 231 ml/h, the sodium excretion raised to 44 mmol/l, and serum levels of creatinine and urea decreased to 1.91 mg/100 ml and 141 mg/100 ml, respectively. With recovering liver function the NE infusions could be discontinued after 5 days without recurrence of a HRS until discharge after 3 weeks.
Beside the vasopressin analogon ornipressin, the combination of norepinephrine and dopamine seems to be useful for the therapy of HRS. Norepinephrine has the advantage of an easy accessibility in ICUs and seems to exert less side effects.
Schlüsselwörter
Leberzirrhose - hepatorenales Syndrom - periphere Vasodilatation - renale Vasokonstriktion - Noradrenalin - Dopamin - Ornipressin
Key words
Liver Cirrhosis - Hepatorenal Syndrome - Peripheral Vasodilatation - Renal Vasoconstriction - Norepinephrine - Dopamine - Ornipressin
1 Diese Kasuistik wurde auf den Wiener Intensivmedizinischen Tagen 1998 vorgestellt und als Abstract publiziert (Wien Med Wochenschr 1998; 110 [Suppl. 1]: 31-32).
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1 Diese Kasuistik wurde auf den Wiener Intensivmedizinischen Tagen 1998 vorgestellt und als Abstract publiziert (Wien Med Wochenschr 1998; 110 [Suppl. 1]: 31-32).
Anschrift für die Verfasser:
Dr. Christian Pehl
Städtisches Krankenhaus München-Bogenhausen
Englschalkinger Straße 77
81925 München
Email: christian.pehl@extern.lrz-muenchen.de