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DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-7441
42-jähriger Patient mit hämolytisch-urämischem Syndrom unter Gemcitabin-Therapie eines Adenokarzinoms der Leber
Hämolytisch-urämisches Syndrom und GemcitabinPublication History
14.7.1999
21.12.1999
Publication Date:
31 December 2000 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Ein 42-jähriger Patient war wegen eines Adenokarzinoms der Leber bereits 6 Monate mit 5-Fluorouracil chemotherapiert worden, als er wegen Tumorprogression auf eine Second-Line-Therapie mit Gemcitabin umgestellt wurde. Nach 4 Monaten kam es zu einem Anstieg der diastolischen Blutdruckwerte, Beinödemen und Erbrechen. Im Labor zeigten sich eine Anämie, eine Thrombopenie, vermehrte Fibrinogenspaltprodukte und ein Anstieg der Retentionsparameter. Zusätzlich fand sich eine ausgeprägte Proteinurie mit renaler Hämaturie, sodass die Diagnose eines hämolytisch-urämischen Syndroms gestellt wurde. Nach Transfusion von Erythrozytenkonzentraten, Antikoagulation und hoch dosierten Glukokortikoidgaben stabilisierte sich der Krankheitsverlauf. Der häufige Einsatz von Gemcitabin in der Behandlung solider Tumoren (Pankreaskarzinom, Cholangiokarzinom, Bronchialkarzinom etc.) fordert erhöhte Aufmerksamkeit auch gegenüber seltenen Nebenwirkungen, vor allem wenn sie wie das hämolytisch-urämische Syndrom fatal enden können.
(A 42-year-old man with hemolytic-uremic syndrome associated with gemcitabine therapy for adenocarcinoma of the liver)
We report on the case of a 42-year-old man suffering from an irresectable adenocarcinoma of the liver. The patient was treated with 5-fluorouracil for 6 months when the disease progressed and second line therapy with gemcitabine was started. After 4 months diastolic blood pressure increased and edema of the legs as well as vomiting occurred. Laboratory tests revealed anemia and thrombopenia accompanied by an elevation of plasma D-dimer, lactatdehydrogenase, creatinine, and urea levels in the serum. In addition, a pronounced proteinuria as well as renal hematuria were detected and subsequently a hemolytic uremic syndrome was diagnosed. After treatment with high-dose glucocorticoids, anticoagulants and transfusions of packed RBC the course of disease improved. Since Gemcitabine is now widely used for treatment of solid organ cancer (e. g. pancreatic adenocarcinoma, biliary tract cancer, lung cancer etc.), it is necessary to be aware of Gemcitabine-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome as a rare but potentially fatal side effect.
Schlüsselwörter
Hämolytisch-urämisches Syndrom - thrombotische Mikroangiopathie - Hämolyse - Anämie - Thrombozytopenie - akutes Nierenversagen - Gemcitabin - Neoplasie
Key words
Hemolytic-uremic syndrome - Thrombotic microangiopathy - Hemolysis - Anemia - Thrombocytopenia - Acute renal failure - Gemcitabine - Neoplasm
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Anschrift für die Verfasser:
Dr. Florian Eckel
Klinikum rechts der Isar
Ismaninger Straße 22
81675 München
Email: florian.eckel@lrz.tum.de