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DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-7443
Isolated massive pleural effusion caused by pancreatico-pleural fistula
Publikationsverlauf
18.6.1997
17.12.1999
Publikationsdatum:
31. Dezember 2000 (online)

Summary
Background: Massive pleural effusions are uncommon but well-documented complications of chronic pancreatitis, usually caused by the development of a pancreaticopleural fistula. The mechanism of the fistula formation is thought to be rupture of the pancreatic duct or pseudocyst.
Material and methods: In the past 7 years we have treated 5 patients with massive pleural effusion of pancreatic origin in the Surgical Department of Semmelweis University Medical School. 4 patients were males; the average age was 52 years (range: 46-59 years).
Results: All 5 patients had a history of alcohol abuse and were admitted to the pulmonary department because of respiratory distress. Other symptoms such as abdominal pain, chest pain, or weight loss were not always present. The diagnosis was confirmed by a markedly elevated amylase level in the aspirated pleural fluid. Abdominal ultrasound, CT scan, and ERCP examinations were carried out in order to determine the cause of the pancreaticopleural fistula. Conservative (nonsurgical) treatment was effective within 3 weeks in only one case. The other 4 patients required surgical management. In 3 cases distal pancreatic resection with splenectomy and cholecystectomy was done. In one case cystojejunostomy was performed. All 5 patients have been cured with complete resolution of their pleural effusions.
Conclusions: Patients with large pleural effusions may have underlying pancreatitis with a pancreaticopleural fistula. It is important to establish this diagnosis because treatment may require operative interventions.
(Durch eine pankreato-pleurale Fistel verursachter isolierter massiver Pleuraerguss)
Hintergrund: Der massive Pleuraerguss ist eine seltene, aber bekannte Komplikation der chronischen Pankreatitis, verursacht durch pankreatikopleurale Fisteln. Ursächlich liegt eine Ruptur des Pankreasganges oder einer Pseudozyste zugrunde.
Material und Methode: Fünf Patienten (männlich = 4, weiblich = 1) wurden in den letzten 5 Jahren wegen massiven Pleuraergusses in der Chirurgischen Klinik der Semmelweis-Universität für Medizinische Wissenschaften behandelt.
Ergebnisse: Alle 5 Patienten, welche sämtlich einen Alkoholabusus betrieben, wurden wegen respiratorischer Insuffizienz in die Pulmonologische Abteilung aufgenommen. Andere Symptome, wie abdominale oder thorakale Schmerzen und Gewichtsverlust, waren nicht in allen Fällen vorhanden. Die Diagnose wurde anhand einer erhöhten Amylaseaktivität im Pleuraerguss bestätigt. Abdominale Ultraschall-, CT- und ERCP-Untersuchungen wurden durchgeführt, um die Ursache der pankreatikopleuralen Fistel festzustellen. Die konservative Behandlung war innerhalb von 3 Wochen nur bei einem Patienten effektiv. Die anderen 4 Patienten wurden operiert. Bei 3 Patienten wurde eine distale Pankreasresektion mit Splenektomie und Cholezystektomie durchgeführt, bei einem Patienten eine Zystojejunostomie. Bei allen 5 Patienten bildete sich der Pleuraerguss vollständig zurück.
Schlussfolgerungen: In Fällen von isoliertem Pleuraerguss muss an einen pankreatogenen Ursprung gedacht werden. Zur Heilung dieser Patienten kann die operative Behandlung notwendig sein.
Key words
Pancreatico-pleural Fistula - Pleural Effusion - Chronic Pancreatitis
Schlüsselwörter
Pankreatopleurale Fistel - Pleuraerguss - chronische Pankreatitis
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Address for correspondence:
P. Ondrejka, MD, PhD
2nd Department of Surgery Semmelweis University
Faculty of Medicine Budapest, XII.
Kútvölgyi út 4
Hungary, H-1125
eMail: onpal@kut.sote.hu