Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Zur Durchführung einer Nottracheotomie bzw. Koniotomie stehen verschiedene Techniken
zur Verfügung. Ziel der Studie war es, die Zeit, die Erfolgs- und Komplikationsrate
einer Koniotomie mit der konventionellen Technik (Skalpell) gegenüber einer Koniotomie
mit einem vorgefertigtem Set (Nu-Trake®) unter Berücksichtigung der Erfahrung des
Operateurs zu vergleichen. Material und Methoden: Die Nottracheotomien wurden bei Göttinger Miniaturschweinen (n = 14) in Allgemeinanästhesie
durchgeführt. 7 Operateure (2 HNO-Ärzte, 2 Notärzte, 3 Medizinstudenten) haben jede
Technik einmal ohne vorherige Übung angewandt. Ergebnisse: Die schnellste Zeit zur Durchführung einer Koniotomie mit Nu-Trake® lag bei 40 s,
die langsamste bei 93 s, die mittlere Zeit aller 7 Operateure bei 58 ± 18 s. Mit dem
Standardverfahren wurden zwischen 42 und 154 s benötigt, die mittlere Zeit lag bei
106 ± 48 s. Mit Nu-Trake® konnte signifikant schneller koniotomiert werden (p < 0,05;
t-test). Die HNO-Ärzte waren jedoch schneller mit dem konventionellen Verfahren (46
s gegenüber 58 s), wohingegen alle anderen Operateure (Med. Studenten, Notärzte) mit
Nu-Trake® schneller waren (58 ± 21 s gegenüber 135 ± 18 s). Die Anzahl der Komplikationen
war mit beiden Verfahren gleich, es traten jedoch schwerwiegendere Komplikationen
mit Nu-Trake® auf. Schlussfolgerung: Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass erfahrene Operateure die konventionelle Technik zur
Koniotomie anwenden sollten, unerfahrene mit dem Nu-Trake® Set signifikant schneller
sind, jedoch schwerere Komplikationen in Kauf genommen werden müssen.
Cricothyrotomy in Goettingen Mini-Pigs: Standard Surgical Approach versus Nu-Trake®
Cricothyrotomy Device
Study Objective: To compare the time required, success rate and complication rate of the standard
surgical approach for cricothyrotomy versus a prepacked kit in regard to the experience
of the surgeon. Methods: The cricothyrotomies were performed in Goettingen mini-pigs (n = 14) under general
anaesthesia. 7 different surgeons (2 Otorhinolaryngologists, 2 Emergency Physicians,
3 medical students) used each technique (standard surgical approach and Nu-Trake®
device) once to perform the cricothyrotomy without prior practice. Results: The fastest time to do the cricothyrotomy with Nu-Trake® was 40 s, the slowest 93
s and the mean time of all 7 surgeons was 58 ± 18 s. Using the standard approach it
took 42 s up to 154 s until ventilation with a mean time of 106 ± 48 s. The use of
Nu-Trake® was significantly faster than the standard surgical approach (p < 0.05,
t-test). Otorhinolaryngologists were quicker using the standard technique (46 s versus
58 s with Nu-Trake®), whereas each surgeon of the other two groups (emergency physicians
and medical students) was quicker with the Nu-Trake® Set (58 ± 21 s) than with the
conventional method (135 ± 18 s). The number of complications was similar with both
methods, but a difference was detected in the type and severity of the complication:
An injury of the posterior tracheal wall was observed twice with Nu-Trake®. Conclusions: Experienced personnel should maintain the standard surgical approach for cricothyrotomy.
Unexperienced personnel can use the Nu-Trake® device which was found to be quicker
as it facilitates the procedure, but causes more severe complications. We recommend
to practise cricothyrotomy regularly in human cadavers, in the animal model if possible
or on mannequins to be sufficiently trained in advanced airway management.
Schlüsselwörter:
Koniotomie - Nottracheotomie - Nu-Trake® Set - Göttinger Miniaturschwein
Key words:
Cricothyrotomy - Goettingen mini-pigs - Nu-Trake® device - Emergency tracheotomy
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01 Auszugsweise vorgetragen auf der 83. Jahrestagung der Vereinigung Südwestdeutscher
Hals-Nasen-Ohrenärzte, 23. - 25. September 1999 in Heidelberg.
Dr. med. Cathrine Mattinger
HNO-Klinik Universitätsklinikum Mannheim
68135 Mannheim
eMail: E-mail: cathrine.mattinger@hno.ma.uni-heidelberg.de