Zusammenfassung.
Hintergrund: Die Verdachtsdiagnose
Williams-Beuren-Syndrom (WBS), ein Retardierungssyndrom mit großer
klinischer Variabilität, gab Anlass zu einer Gegenüberstellung
molekulargenetischer, molekularzytogenetischer und klinischer Befunde. Daher
wurde der Frage nach der klinischen Ausprägung bei Nachweis einer
Mikrodeletion im Elastin-Gen im Chromosom 7 nachgegangen sowie die
Informativität der eingesetzten molekulargenetischen Nachweismethoden
beurteilt. Patienten und Methode: Es wurden 44 Patienten
mit WBS-Verdachtsdiagnose genotypisch untersucht und Allgemeinsymptome, Art des
Herzfehlers, Dysmorphiezeichen und Verhaltensauffälligkeiten erfasst. Die
klinischen Symptome wurden bei der klinischen Untersuchung systematisch mittels
Fragebögen erfasst. Die genomische DNA des Indexpatienten und der Eltern
wurde mittels Mikrosatelliten-Marker untersucht. Eine Chromosomenanalyse mit
konventioneller Bänderung und Fluoreszenz-in-situ-Hybridisierung (FISH)
mit einer Elastin-Gen-Sonde wurden insbesondere bei nicht informativen
Ergebnissen der molekulargenetischen Untersuchung angeschlossen.
Ergebnisse: 15 Patienten zeigten eine Mikrodeletion. 4
Patienten wiesen eine Deletion des väterlichen Allels auf und 7 Patienten
hatten einen Verlust des mütterlichen Allels. In 2 Fällen konnte
nicht entschieden werden, ob die Deletion durch Verlust des paternalen oder
maternalen Allels zustande kam. In 2 Fällen ergab die Analyse mittels
Mikrosatelliten-Marker ein nicht informatives Ergebnis, so dass die
durchgeführten FISH-Analysen zu einer diagnostischen Aussage führten.
Die Kinder mit nachweisbarer Mikrodeletion in Chromosom 7q11.23 hatten typische
Dysmorphiezeichen (80 %) und zeigten in 70 % der
Fälle ein für WBS charakteristisches Verhaltensmuster,
50 % hatten einen typischen Herzfehler. In der Gruppe der Kinder
ohne chromosomale Mikrodeletion fielen bei
30 - 40 % typische Dysmorhiezeichen auf, nur
10 % hatten einen typischen Herzfehler. Es ergab sich kein
Hinweis auf klinische Unterschiede bei maternalem gegenüber paternalem
Allelverlust. Die FISH-Untersuchung in Kombination mit einer konventionellen
Bänderungsanalyse hat große differenzialdiagnostische Aussagekraft
bei WBS-Verdacht. Schlussfolgerung: Bei Kindern mit
psychomotorischer Retardierung sollten WBS-typische Gesichtsdysmorphien und
auffälliges Verhalten Anlass zu einer molekularzytogenetischen
FISH-Untersuchung des Indexpatienten geben. Bei Mikrodeletion in 7q11.23 sollte
eine gezielte kardiologische Untersuchung durchgeführt werden.
Clinical symptoms and genetic analysis of Williams-Beuren
syndrome.
Background: The suspected diagnosis of
Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS), which is a retardation syndrome with great
clinical variability, was cause for comparison of molecular genetic, molecular
cytogenetic analysis to clinical symtoms. The results of the genetical analysis
of a microdeletion of the elastin gene region on chromosome 7 were compared to
the clinical symptoms. Are there any differences between symptoms in case of
deletion or non-deletion? How informative are the molecular genetic, molecular
cytogenetic analysis? Patients and methods: 44 patients
with suspected diagnosis of WBS were examined using molecular genetic and
molecular cytogenetic methods. The clinical symptoms as general symptoms, heart
anomaly, dysmorphic signs and unusual neurobehavioural features were reported
during clinical investigation in standardized questionnaires. The genomic DNA
of the patients and their parents was analyzed using microsatellite markers. In
some cases (e.g. uninformative microsatellite studies) we also used
fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with an elastin gene probe and
performed a conventional chromosome banding analysis.
Results: 15 patients had a microdeletion. 4 patients had a deletion of the
paternal allel and 7 patients showed the deletion of the maternal allel. The
polymorphisms were of limited informativeness. In 2 cases microsatellite
analysis was not able to determine whether the paternal or the maternal allel
had been lost. In 2 cases the microsatellite analysis was uninformative so that
FISH analysis was performed. All FISH analysis performed had an informative
result. 80 % of the children with a microdeletion of chromosome
7q11.23 showed the typical dysmorphic signs, 70 % exhibited the
typical WBS behaviour pattern, 50 % had a specific heart anomaly.
In contrast, in the group of children without a chromosomal microdeletion only
30 - 40 % showed typical dysmorphic signs,
only 10 % had a typical heart anomaly and none of them showed
specific behavioural changes. We found no indication to association of specific
symptoms with paternal versus maternal origin of the deletion. The FISH
analysis combined with a conventional chromosome banding analysis is very
informative for diagnostic values. The results are compared to data of
literature. Conclusions: Children with developmental
retardation and WBS dysmorphic signs and an unusual behaviour should be
examined by a molecular cytogenetic FISH analysis. If a microdeletion of band
7q11.23 is found a special cardiologic examination should be offered.
Schlüsselwörter:
Williams-Beuren-Syndrom - Mikrodeletion in 7q11.23 - supravalvuläre Aortenstenose - Retardierung - Fluoreszenz-in-situ-Hybridisierung (FISH)
Key words:
Williams-Beuren syndrome - microdeletion of 7q11.23 - supravalvular aortic stenosis - developmental retardation - fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)
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Dr. med. Gabriela von Beust
Institut für Humangenetik Universität
Göttingen
Heinrich-Düker-Weg 12
37073 Göttingen