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DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-12100
Beeinflusst die Misteltherapie die Abwehr epithelialer Tumoren? Eine kritische immunologische Analyse
Publikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
31. Dezember 2001 (online)

Die Entwicklung neuer Verfahren in der Therapie von Karzinom-Patienten gehört zu den großen Herausforderungen der wissenschaftlichen Medizin. Im Mittelpunkt der Forschung stehen vor allem die Steigerung von immunologischen Abwehrmechanismen, zum Beispiel via einer verbesserten Erkennung von Tumor-Epitopen [1] [14] [42]. Auch dem Einsatz von Mistelpräparaten liegt das Konzept zugrunde, dass durch die subkutan applizierten Extrakte eines aus Misteln verschiedener Wirtsbäume gewonnenen »Antigen-Gemisches« die Immunabwehr günstig beeinflusst werden kann [2] [8]. Obgleich bisher klinisch-experimentelle Hinweise fehlen, dass unter der Therapie Antigen-, d. h. Tumor-spezifische Reaktionen induziert werden können, wird in Einzelbeobachtungen immer wieder auf eine Hemmung des Tumorwachstums hingewiesen, aber auch auf eine bessere Verträglichkeit der Chemotherapie sowie eine günstige Beeinflussung der Schmerzsymptomatik [41].
In dieser Übersicht sollen deshalb die unter der Misteltherapie beobachteten immunologischen Phänomene mit den bisher vorliegenden Ergebnissen der immunologischen Tumorforschung verglichen werden, nicht zuletzt mit dem Ziel, mehr Klarheit zu bekommen, inwieweit der Einsatz dieses immer noch heftig kontrovers diskutierten »biological response modifiers« gerechtfertigt ist, bzw. inwieweit diese Form der Therapie den strengen Kriterien der Tumorimmunologie standzuhalten in der Lage ist.
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Korrespondenz
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