Literatur
- 1
American Psychiatric
Association .
Practice guideline for the treatment of
patients with delirium.
Am J Psychiatry.
1999;
156
1-20
((Suppl))
- 2
Armstrong S C, Cozza K L, Watanabe K S.
The
misdiagnosis of delirium.
Psychosomatics.
1997;
38
433-439
- 3 Bonhoeffer K. Die
symptomatischen Psychosen im Gefolge von akuten Infektionen und
inneren Erkrankungen. Leipzig, Deuticke 1.
Aufl 1910
- 4
Brännström B.
Care
of delirious patients.
Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord.
1999;
10
416-419
- 5
Bucht G, Gustafson Y, Sandberg O.
Epidemiologiy of Delirium.
Dement
Geriatr Cogn Disord.
1999;
10
315-318
- 6 Caine E D, Grossman H, Lyness J M. Delirium,
dementia and amnestic and other cognitive disorders and mental disorders
due to a general medical condition. Baltimore, Williams
and Wilkins In: Kaplan HI, Sadock BJ (Eds.). Comprehensive
textbook of psychiatry /VI, 6th ed 1995: 705-754
- 7
Cole M G, Primeau F, McCusker J.
Effectiveness
of interventions to prevent delirium in hospitalized patients: a
systematic review.
Can Med Assoc J.
1996;
155
1263-1268
- 8
De Deyn P P, Rabheru K, Rasmussen A. et al .
A randomized trial of risperidone, placebo,
and haloperidol for behavioral symptoms of dementia.
Neurology.
1999;
53
946-955
- 9 Dilling H, Mombour W, Schmidt M H. (Hrsg.).
Internationale Klassifikation psychischer Störungen: ICD-10,
Kapitel V (F); klinisch-diagnostische Leitlinien/Weltgesundheitsorganisation. Bern,
Huber 1993: 57-100
- 10
Erkinjuntti T, Wikström J, Palo J, Autio L.
Dementia among medical inpatients - evaluation
of 2000 consecutive admissions.
Arch Intern Med.
1986;
146
1923-1926
- 11
Förstl H.
The
Lewy body variant of Alzheimer‘s disease: clinical, pathophysiological
and conceptual issues.
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci.
1999;
249
III/64-III/67
(Suppl 3)
- 12
Gallinat J, Möller H J, Moser R L, Hegerl U.
Das postoperative Delir.
Anaesthesist.
1999;
48
507-518
- 13
Gustafson Y, Brännström B, Norberg A, Bucht G, Winblad B.
Underdiagnosis
and poor documentation of acute confusional states in elderly hip
fracture patients.
J Am Geriatr Soc.
1991;
39
760-765
- 14
Haas S.
Der
verwirrte Alterspatient.
Krankenhauspsychiatrie.
1992;
3
12-18
- 15
Hager K.
Notfall
Delir.
Geriatrie Praxis.
1999;
11
17-21
- 16
Hengeveld M W, Antheunissen T.
Psychiatrisch is
niet altijd psychogeen, juist in het algemene ziekenhuis.
Ned
Tijdschr Geneesk.
1990;
134
1929-1931
- 17 Hewer W. Psychische
Störungen und internistische Erkrankungen. Berlin,
Springer In: Helmchen H, Henn F, Lauter H, Sartorius
N (Hrsg.). Psychiatrie der Gegenwart - Band 4, Psychische
Störungen bei somatischen Krankheiten. 4. Aufl 1999: 289-317
- 18 Hewer W. Akute
Verwirrtheitszustände. Berlin, Springer In:
Nikolaus T (Hrsg.). Klinische Geriatrie 2000: 328-337
- 19
Inouye S K, van Dyck C H, Alessi C A, Balkin S, Siegal A P, Horwitz R I.
Clarifying
confusion: The confusion assessment method.
Ann Intern
Med.
1990;
113
941-949
- 20
Inouye S K, Viscoli C M, Horwitz R I, Hurst L D, Tinetti M E.
A
predective model for delirium in hospitalized elderly medical patients based
on admission characteristics.
Ann Int Med.
1993;
119
474-481
- 21
Inouye S K, Charpentier P A.
Precipitating
factors for delirium in hospitalized elderly persons.
JAMA.
1996;
275
852-857
- 22
Inouye S, Bogardus S T, Charpentier P A. et al .
A multicomponent intervention to prevent
delirium in hospitalized older patients.
N Engl J Med.
1999;
340
669-676
- 23
Inouye S K, Schlesinger M J, Lydon T L.
Delirium:
A symptom of how hospital care is failing older persons and a window
to improve quality of hospital care.
Am J Med.
1999;
106
565-573
- 24
Jacobson S, Jerrier H.
EEG in delirium.
Semin
Clin Neuropsychiatry.
2000;
5
86-92
- 25
Johnson J.
Identifying
and recognizing delirium.
Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord.
1999;
10
353-358
- 26
Koponen H, Stenbäck U, Mattila E, Soininen H, Reinikainen K, Riekkinen P J.
Delirium
among elderly persons admitted to a psychiatric hospital: clinical
course during the acute stage and one-year follow up.
Acta
Psychiatr Scand.
1989;
79
579-585
- 27
Koponen H J.
Neurochemestry
and delirium.
Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord.
1999;
10
339-341
- 28
Lerner D M, Rosenstein D L.
Neuroimaging
in delirium and related conditions.
Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry.
2000;
5
98-112
- 29
Levkoff S E, Evans D A, Liptzin B. et al .
Delirium - The occurrence and persistence
of symptoms among elderly hospitalized patients.
Arch
Intern Med.
1992;
152
334-340
- 30 Lipowski Z J. Delirium:
Acute brain failure in man. Springfield, Thomas 1980
- 31
Lipowski Z J.
Delirium
in the elderly patient.
N Engl J Med.
1989;
320
578-581
- 32
Marcantonio E R, Goldman L, Mangione C M. et al .
A clinical prediction rule for delirium
after elective noncardiac surgery.
JAMA.
1994;
271
134-139
- 33
Meagher D, O‘Hanlon D, O‘Mahony E, Casey P.
The use of environmental
strategies and psychotropic medication in the managment of delirium.
Br
J Psychiatry.
1996;
168
512-515
- 34
Meagher D J, Trzepacz P T.
Motoric subtypes
of delirium.
Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry.
2000;
5
75-85
- 35
O‘Keeffe S T, Lavan J N.
Clinical significance
of delirium subtypes in older people.
Age and Ageing.
1999;
28
115-119
- 36
Olsson T.
Activity
in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and delirium.
Dement
Geriatr Cogn Disord.
1999;
10
345-349
- 37
Rockwood K, Cosway S, Carver D, Jarrett P, Standnyk K, Fisk J.
The risk of dementia and
death after delirium.
Age and Ageing.
1999;
28
551-556
- 38
Rudberg M A, Pompe P, Foreman M D, Ross R E, Cassel C K.
The
natural history of delirium in older hospitalized paients: A syndrome
of heterogenity.
Age and Ageing.
1997;
26
169-174
- 39
Sandberg O, Gustafson Y, Brännström B, Bucht G.
Clinical profile of delirium
in older patients.
J Am Geriatr Soc.
1999;
47
1300-1306
- 40 Schmidt L G, Freyberger H J. Delirante,
amnestische und andere Syndrome mit vorrangig kognitiven Störungen.
Psychiatrie der Gegenwart - Band 4, Psychische Störungen
bei somatischen Krankheiten. 4. Aufl. Berlin, Springer 1999: 247-270
- 41
Sipahimalani A, Masand P S.
Use of risperidone
in delirium: case reports.
Ann Clin Psychiatry.
1997;
9
105-107
- 42
Sipahimalani A, Masand P S.
Olanzapine
in the treatment of delirium.
Psychosomatics.
1998;
39
422-430
- 43
Smith L W, Dimsdale J E.
Postcardiotomy
delirium: conclusions after 25 years?.
Am J Psychiatry.
1989;
146
452-458
- 44
Street J S, Clark W S, Gannon K S. et al .
Olanzapin treatment of psychotic and behavioral
symptoms in patients with Alzheimer disease in nursing care facilities.
Arch
Gen Psychiatry.
2000;
57
968-976
- 45
Trzepacz P, Baker R W, Greenhouse J.
A
symptom rating scale for delirium.
Psy Res.
1988;
23
89-97
- 46
Trzepacz P T.
The
neuropathogenesis of delirium.
Psychosomatics.
1994;
35
374-391
- 47
Trepacz P T.
Update
on the neuropathogenesis of delirium.
Dement Geriatr Cogn
Disord.
1999;
10
330-334
- 48
Van Hemert A M, van der Mast R C, Hengeveld M W, Vorstenbosch M.
Excess Mortality
in General Hospital Patients with Delirium: A 5-year follow-up of
519 patients seen in psychiatric consultation.
J Psychosom
Res.
1994;
38
339-346
- 49
Wengel S P, Roccaforte W H, Burke W J.
Donepezil
improves symptoms of delirium in dementia: implications for future
research.
J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol.
1998;
11
159-161
- 50
Wetterling T.
Delir - Stand
der Forschung.
Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr.
1994;
62
280-289
Korrespondenz
Dr. med. Martin van Soest
Arzt für Allgemeinmedizin, Geriatrisches
Zentrum am Universitätsklinikum Tübingen/Universitätsklinik
für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie
Osianderstraße 24
72076 Tübingen
Telefon: 07071/2987517
Fax: 07071/294141
eMail: MvSoest@t-online.de