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DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-19020
Hydrokolonsonographie - Möglichkeiten und Grenzen einer sonographischen Diagnostik von Dickdarmerkrankungen
Hydrocolonic sonography - potentials and limitations of ultrasonographic diagnosis of colon diseasesPublikationsverlauf
21.2.2001
19.9.2001
Publikationsdatum:
17. Dezember 2001 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Die konventionelle Abdominalsonographie hat bei der Diagnostik von Erkrankungen des Magen-Darm-Traktes eine zunehmende Bedeutung erlangt. Ihr Wert bei der Diagnostik von Tumoren ist jedoch limitiert.
Die sonographische Darstellbarkeit des Kolons lässt sich durch die retrograde Instillation von Flüssigkeit in das Kolon deutlich verbessern. Durch diese Methode, die Hydrokolonsonographie genannt wird, ist es möglich, das Kolon kontinuierlich vom Beginn des rektosigmoidalen Übergangs bis zum Zökum in seiner gesamten Kontinuität sonographisch darzustellen. Durch die Beurteilung des echofreien Dickdarmlumens, der 5 Darmwandschichten und des den Dickdarm umgebenden Bindegewebes, ist eine genauere sonographische Diagnose unterschiedlicher Dickdarmerkrankungen möglich. Kolonkarzinome und Polypen stellen sich als echoreiche wandständige Strukturen dar. Kolonpolypen ab einer Größe von 7 mm und Karzinome können mit großer Sensitivität diagnostiziert werden. Durch die detaillierte Analyse der Darmwandveränderungen ist ein genaueres Staging der Tumoren möglich. Bei Patienten mit einem Morbus Crohn oder einer Colitis ulcerosa lassen sich typische Wandveränderungen nachweisen. Die Hydrokolonsonographie hat sich weiterhin als ein effektives Verfahren zur hydrostatischen Reposition der Invagination bei Kindern erwiesen. Die virtuelle Koloskopie ist eine anderes neueres bildgebendes Verfahren für die Diagnose von Dickdarmerkrankungen. Der Unterschied zwischen der Hydrokolonsonographie und der virtuellen Koloskopie und ihr möglicher Einsatz als Screeningverfahren für die Diagnose des Kolonkarzinoms wird diskutiert.
Hydrocolonic sonography - potentials and limitations of ultrasonographic diagnosis of colon diseases
Ultrasonic examination has become increasingly important in the diagnosis of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. In neoplastic diseases of the large intestine, however, the diagnostic value of conventional transabdominal sonography is limited.
The sonographic evaluation of the colon could be improved by the retrograde instillation of water into the colon in a procedure called hydrocolonic sonography. This technique allows the visualization of the colon sonographically from the rectosigmoid transition to the cecum. Hydrocolonic sonography enables a detailed sonographic examination of the hypoechoic colonic lumen, the five individual layers of the colon wall and the surrounding connective tissue, thus providing additional information and allowing a more precise diagnosis of many diseases of the colon.
Colonic polyps and carcinomas appear sonographically as echogenic structures projecting from the intestinal wall into the lumen. Colonic polyps larger than 7 mm in diameter and carcinomas of the colon can be detected with great sensitivity. In addition, detailed evaluation of the structure of the bowel wall permits more precise staging of tumors of the colon. Aside from such localized changes, hydrocolonic sonography can also demonstrate changes in the wall structure in chronic inflammatory large bowel diseases such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. In addition hydrocolonic sonography has been proven to be of great value for the ultrasonographically-guided hydrostatic reduction of intussusception in children.
On the other hand virtual colonoscopy is another promising new imaging method for the diagnosis of colon diseases. The differences between hydrcolonic sonography and virtual colonoscopy and their potential for screening purposes of colon cancer will be discussed.
Schlüsselwörter
Ultraschall - Hydrokolonsonographie - Colitis ulcerosa - Morbus Crohn - Kolonkarzinom - Kolontumor - Virtuelle Koloskopie - Screening - Invagination - Dickdarmerkrankungen
Key words
Ultrasonography - Hydrocolonic Sonography - Ulcerative Colitis - Crohn’s Disease - Colon Cancer - Colonic Neoplasms - Virtual Colonoscopy - Screening - Intussusception - Colon Diseases
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Anschrift des Verfassers
Prof. Dr. med. Bernd Limberg
Medizinische Klinik
Städtisches Krankenhaus Wolfenbüttel
Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Universität
Göttingen
Alter Weg 80
38302 Wolfenbüttel
Fax: 0 53 31/9 34-32 02