Zusammenfassung
Psychotherapie bei bipolaren affektiven Störungen beginnt nach Jahrzehnten als „forgotten
treatment modality”, in den letzten Jahren zunehmend Interesse hervorzurufen; der
Kenntnisstand ist aber nach wie vor völlig unzureichend. Vorgestellt werden die Ergebnisse
zweier naturalistischer Behandlungsstudien bei zyklothymen Patienten mit ungünstigem
Verlauf. Die Patienten wurden in einer Slow-open- oder in einer geschlossenen Gruppen-
und Einzeltherapie von Paaren adjunktiv zur Medikation behandelt. In der Slow-open-Gruppe
reduzierte sich die durchschnittliche Liegezeit pro Jahr nach im Mittel 5,6 Jahren
Psychotherapie von 15,8 % auf 5,04 % (p < 0,005); gleichzeitig milderte sich ggf.
die Schwere des Fehlverhaltens vorher und die Schwere der Erkrankung bei Wiederaufnahme
signifikant ab. In der kleinen geschlossenen Gruppe kam es nach im Mittel 3,1 Jahren
mit 8,49 % stationärer Behandlungstage/Jahr zu keiner Wiederaufnahme. Die Behandlungen
werden beschrieben und mögliche Gründe für die Effekte diskutiert.
Abstract
After decades as a forgotten treatment modality bipolar disorders psychotherapy becomes
of growing interest, although methodologically sound treatment studies are sparse.
We present the results of two naturalistic treatment groups of patients with bipolar
disorder. All patients had had a difficult course of their illness. Adjunctive to
medication both groups were treated with a combined marital therapy in groups and
alone. Group A was slow-open and had a therapeutic splitting. Group B was closed with
one therapist for psychotherapy and medication. During follow-up of s = 5.6 years
in group A the average in-patient-days/year were reduced from 15.8 % to 5.04 % (P
< 0.005). Parallel psychosocial lapses and severity of illness prior to admission
were reduced. In group B there was within s = 3.1 years no relapse, but 8.46 % days/year
before psychotherapy. Possible reasons for this effect are discussed.
Schlüsselwörter
Bipolare Störungen - Gruppentherapie - Paartherapie - Verlauf
Key words
Bipolar Disorders - Group Therapy - Marital Therapy - Course of Illness
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PD Dr. L. Adler
Ökomenisches Hainich Klinikum
Pfafferode 102
99974 Mühlhausen
Email: ladler@t-online.de