Zusammenfassung
Zunehmend wird über eine mögliche Neurotoxizität beim
chronischen Konsum der Partydroge „Ecstasy”
(3,4-Methylendioxymethamphetamin, MDMA) berichtet. Die Einnahme von Ecstasy
kann jedoch auch zu akut-medizinischen Komplikationen führen. Bei diesen
Vergiftungsnotfällen müssen häufige, relativ harmlose
Nebenwirkungen von MDMA rasch von seltenen, potenziell fatalen Folgen
abgegrenzt werden. Gefährliche, mit Ecstasy assoziierte Notfallsituationen
sind ein hypertensiver Notfall mit kardialen und zerebrovaskulären
Komplikationen, eine Hyperthermie mit Rhabdomyolyse und Nierenversagen oder,
bei vermehrter Flüssigkeitsaufnahme, eine hypervoläme
Hyponatriämie mit Hirnödem. Diese Komplikationen des Ecstasykonsums
müssen rasch erkannt und adäquat behandelt werden. Diese
Übersichtsarbeit bespricht die Pharmakologie und Toxikologie von MDMA und
erläutert das praktische Management von akuten Intoxikationen mit
Ecstasy.
Summary
„Ecstasy” (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, MDMA) is
a popular recreational drug of abuse. There is increasing evidence of
serotonergic neurotoxicity in chronic Ecstasy abusers. Ecstasy ingestion may
also lead to severe acute toxic reactions such as hypertensive emergency with
cardial and cerebrovascular complications, hyperthermia with rhabdomyolysis and
acute renal failure, or hyponatriaemia complicated by brain edema. Although
such complications are relatively rare, physicians should recognise them and
know how to act properly. The present article reviews the pharmacology and
toxicology of MDMA and related drugs and provides guidance regarding the
management of an acute intoxication with Ecstasy.
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Dr. med. Matthias E. Liechti
Medizinische Klinik A, Departement für Innere Medizin,
Universitätsspital Zürich
Rämistrasse 100
CH-8091 Zürich
Phone: 0041/1/255 11 11
Fax: 0041/1/255 44 45
Email: matthias.liechti@usz.ch