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DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-39975
„Ecstasy” (MDMA): Pharmakologie, Toxikologie und Behandlung der akuten Intoxikation
„Ecstasy“ (MDMA): pharmacology, toxicology, and management of intoxicationPublikationsverlauf
eingereicht: 10.12.2002
akzeptiert: 27.2.2003
Publikationsdatum:
12. Juni 2003 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Zunehmend wird über eine mögliche Neurotoxizität beim chronischen Konsum der Partydroge „Ecstasy” (3,4-Methylendioxymethamphetamin, MDMA) berichtet. Die Einnahme von Ecstasy kann jedoch auch zu akut-medizinischen Komplikationen führen. Bei diesen Vergiftungsnotfällen müssen häufige, relativ harmlose Nebenwirkungen von MDMA rasch von seltenen, potenziell fatalen Folgen abgegrenzt werden. Gefährliche, mit Ecstasy assoziierte Notfallsituationen sind ein hypertensiver Notfall mit kardialen und zerebrovaskulären Komplikationen, eine Hyperthermie mit Rhabdomyolyse und Nierenversagen oder, bei vermehrter Flüssigkeitsaufnahme, eine hypervoläme Hyponatriämie mit Hirnödem. Diese Komplikationen des Ecstasykonsums müssen rasch erkannt und adäquat behandelt werden. Diese Übersichtsarbeit bespricht die Pharmakologie und Toxikologie von MDMA und erläutert das praktische Management von akuten Intoxikationen mit Ecstasy.
Summary
„Ecstasy” (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, MDMA) is a popular recreational drug of abuse. There is increasing evidence of serotonergic neurotoxicity in chronic Ecstasy abusers. Ecstasy ingestion may also lead to severe acute toxic reactions such as hypertensive emergency with cardial and cerebrovascular complications, hyperthermia with rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure, or hyponatriaemia complicated by brain edema. Although such complications are relatively rare, physicians should recognise them and know how to act properly. The present article reviews the pharmacology and toxicology of MDMA and related drugs and provides guidance regarding the management of an acute intoxication with Ecstasy.
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Dr. med. Matthias E. Liechti
Medizinische Klinik A, Departement für Innere Medizin,
Universitätsspital Zürich
Rämistrasse 100
CH-8091 Zürich
Telefon: 0041/1/255 11 11
Fax: 0041/1/255 44 45
eMail: matthias.liechti@usz.ch