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DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-40960
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Wann sind die neuen Therapieregime indiziert? - Moderne Ansätze in der Behandlung des metastasierten kolorektalen Karzinoms
When are the New Therapeutic Strategies Indicated? - Modern Treatment-Strategies for Therapy of Advanced Colorectal CancerPublication History
Publication Date:
06 August 2003 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Nach Jahren der Stagnation konnte die Zulassung neuer Medikamente die Chemotherapie der fortgeschrittenen kolorektalen Karzinome erheblich verbessern. Der Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor Irinotecan (= CPT-11) ist ebenso wie das DACH-Platinsalz Oxaliplatin als Monotherapeutikum sowohl in der Erst- wie in der Zweittherapie effektiv. Eine besondere Bedeutung haben diese beiden Substanzen in Kombination mit der wöchentlichen hoch dosierten Therapie mit Folinsäure bzw. 5-Fluorouracil erlangt: Denn diese Strategie kann die Remissionsraten auf über 40 % verdoppeln und zu einer signifikanten Überlebensverlängerung führen. Eine weitere Bereicherung sind orale Therapieansätze wie Capecitabin und UFT plus Folinsäure, die ähnlich effektiv sind wie klassische Bolusprotokolle mit 5-Fluorouracil und Folinsäure. Diese beiden Medikamente, die als so genannte Prodrugs 5-Fluorouracil erst in vivo freisetzen, ersetzen aber nicht die klassischen Folinsäure/5-FU-Hochdosisprotokolle (mit oder ohne Irinotecan bzw. Oxaliplatin). Sie können vielmehr dann in Erwägung gezogen werden, wenn an eine vergleichsweise einfache Therapie bei einem Patienten in weniger gutem Allgemeinzustand oder mit geringerer Aktivität und Motivation gedacht wird.
Summary
After years of stagnation, the registration of the topoisomerase I inhibitor irinotecan (CPT-11) and of the DACH-platinum compound oxaliplatin provides new effective treatments for advanced colorectal cancer. Irinotecan and oxaliplatin proved effective in first line as well as in second line treatment. Best results have been obtained when combining irinotecan or oxaliplatin with weekly high-dose folinic acid and 5-FU which resulted in a significant doubling of the remission rates up to over 40 % and to a significant prolongation of survival. Further progress has been made by the oral prodrugs Capecitabin and UFT plus folinic acid. After satisfying resorption and in vivo release of 5-FU, both drugs are effective at least as conventional bolus FA/FU protocols. At present, however, only patients in moderate general condition or with less motivation and/or little tumor burden, might be candidates for oral chemotherapy in colorectal cancer.
Key Words
colorectal cancer - chemotheray - irinotecan - oxaliplatin - capecitabin - UFT
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Anschrift für die Verfasser
Dr. Andreas Schalhorn
Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III
Klinikum Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
Marchioninistr. 15
81377 München