Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-43101
Moderater Alkoholkonsum und Plasmakonzentration sensitiver Entzündungsmarker
Hinweise auf einen atheroprotektiven ZusammenhangModerate alcohol consumption and sensitive markers of inflammationAn atheroprotective link?Publication History
eingereicht: 12.3.2003
akzeptiert: 3.7.2003
Publication Date:
23 October 2003 (online)

Hintergrund und Fragestellung: Veränderungen des Fettstoffwechsels und der Hämostase können die geringere kardiovaskuläre Mortalität, die in Verbindung mit einem mäßigen Alkoholkonsum beschrieben ist, nicht vollständig erklären. Nachdem auch Entzündungsprozesse bei der Entstehung und Progression der Atherosklerose eine bedeutsame Rolle spielen, untersuchten wir den Zusammenhang zwischen der Menge des konsumierten Alkohols und den Plasmakonzentrationen verschiedener sensitiver Entzündungsmarker.
Studienteilnehmer und Methodik: 478 gesunde Blutspender (358 Männer, 120 Frauen) im Alter von 40 - 68 Jahren wurden entsprechend ihres selbstangegebenen, durchschnittlichen täglichen Alkoholkonsums in vier Gruppen unterteilt: 0 g/d, >0 - 20 g/d, >20 - 40 g/d und > 40 g/d. Folgende sensitive Entzündungsmarker wurden analysiert: C-reaktives Protein (CRP), Serum-Amyloid A (SAA), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), interzelluläres Adhäsionsmolekül-1, Plasmaviskosität und Albumin).
Ergebnisse: Im Vergleich zu den abstinenten Personen fanden sich bei Personen mit einem geringen bis mäßigen Alkoholkonsum (>0 - 20 g/d oder > 20 - 40 g/d) statistisch signifikant erniedrigte Plasmakonzentrationen sowohl der klassischen Akute-Phase-Proteine, SAA und CRP, als auch der Plasmaviskosität; Albumin als negativer Akute-Phase-Marker zeigte dagegen tendenziell höhere Konzentrationen. Nach multivariater Analyse unter Berücksichtigung potenzieller Störgrößen (Alter, Geschlecht, Körpermassenindex, Zigarettenrauchen, Dauer der Schulbildung und körperliche Aktivität) verblieb eine signifikante U-förmige Beziehung (p = 0,02) zwischen der SAA-Plasmakonzentration und der Menge des täglich konsumierten Alkohols: Es fanden sich um 0,75 mg/l bzw. 0,70 mg/l niedrigere SAA-Konzentrationen bei Personen mit geringem bzw. mäßigem Alkoholkonsum im Vergleich zu den „Nichttrinkern”. Bei Personen mit einem Alkoholkonsum von mehr als 40 g/d zeigte sich dagegen ein statistisch signifikanter Anstieg der IL-6-Plasmakonzentration (0,50 pg/ml) verglichen mit den „Nichttrinkern”.
Folgerung: Möglicherweise stellen entzündungshemmende Eigenschaften des moderaten Alkoholkonsums einen zusätzlichen atheroprotektiven Mechanismus dar.
Background and objective: Changes in lipoproteins and hemostasis only incompletely explain the reduced cardiovascular mortality associated with light to moderate alcohol consumption. Since increasing evidence suggests that atherosclerosis can be considered to be a chronic inflammatory process, we sought to assess the association between daily alcohol consumption and levels of sensitive markers of inflammation.
Study participants and methods: 478 voluntary blood donors (358 men, 120 women) aged 40 to 68 years were categorized into four groups according to their self-reported amount of daily alcohol consumption: 0 g/day, >0 - 20 g/day, >20 - 40 g/day, and > 40 g/day. Means of various sensitive markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), intercellular adhesion molecul-1, plasma viscosity und albumin) were calculated and compared by bivariate and multivariate analyses.
Results: More than 80 % of the study participants reported to consume alcohol, mainly beer. We found statistically significantly decreased levels of SAA, CRP, and plasma viscosity in subjects with light-to-moderate alcohol intake (>0 - 20 g/day and > 20 - 40 g/day, respectively), and a trend for increased levels of albumin in these subjects compared to non-drinkers. After multivariable adjustment for potential confounders (age, gender, body mass index, cigarette smoking, years of school education, and physical activity) a significant U-shaped association (p = 0.02) between levels of SAA and the amount of daily alcohol intake remained: there were 0.75 mg/l and 0.70 mg/l lower mean levels, respectively, of SAA in subjects with light-to-moderate alcohol intake compared to those of non-drinkers. Subjects with an alcohol intake of > 40 grams per day showed a statistically significant increase in levels of interleukin-6 (0.50 pg/ml) compared to non-drinkers.
Conclusion: Potential anti-inflammatory properties of moderate alcohol consumption might represent an additional mechanism to explain its atheroprotective effect.
Literatur
- 1
Albert M A, Danielson E, Rifai N, Ridker P M.
Effect of statin therapy on C-reactive protein levels. The Pravastatin inflammation/CRP
evaluation (PRINCE): A randomized trial and cohort study.
JAMA.
2001;
286
64-70
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 2
Albert M A, Glynn R J, Ridker P M.
Alcohol consumption and plasma concentration of C-reactive protein.
Circulation.
2003;
107
443-447
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 3
Blanco-Colio L M, Valderrama M, Alvarez-Sava L A. et al .
Red wine intake prevents nuclear factor-(B activation in peripheral blood mononuclear
cells of healthy volunteers during postprandial lipemia.
Circulation.
2000;
102
1020-1026
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 4
Corrao G, Rubbiati L, Bagnardi V. et al .
Alcohol and coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis.
Addiction.
2000;
95
1505-1523
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 5
Danesh J, Whincup P, Walker M. et al .
Low grade inflammation and coronary heart disease: Prospective-study and updated
meta-analyses.
BMJ.
2000;
321
199-204
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 6
Di Castelnuovo A, Rotondo S, Iacoviello L, Donati M B, De Gaetano G.
Meta-analysis of wine and beer consumption in relation to vascular risk.
Circulation.
2002;
105
2836-2844
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 7
Flesch M, Erdmann E, Böhm M.
Alkohol und Myokardinfarkt. Epidemiologische und experimentelle Untersuchungen zum
Einfluss von Alkohol auf Gefäßrelaxation und Koronarsklerose.
Dtsch Med Wochenschr.
1998;
123
1490-1496
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 8
Hutchinson W L, Koenig W, Fröhlich M. et al .
Immunoradiometric assay of circulating C-reactive protein: age-related values in
the adult general population.
Clin Chem.
2000;
46
934-938
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 9
Imhof A, Fröhlich M, Brenner H. et al .
Effect of alcohol consumption on systemic markers of inflammation.
Lancet.
2001;
357
763-767
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 10
Koenig W, Hoffmeister A, Khuseyinova N, Imhof A.
Atherosklerose als inflammatorischer Prozess, C-reaktives Protein und koronares Risiko.
Dtsch Ärztebl.
2003;
100
A117-126
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 11
Koenig W, Sund M, Fröhlich M. et al .
C-reactive protein, a sensitive marker of inflammation, predicts future risk of coronary
heart disease in initially health middle-aged men. Results from the MONICA Augsburg
cohort study, 1984 to 1992.
Circulation.
1999;
99
237-242
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 12
Libby P, Ridker P M, Maseri A.
Inflammation and atherosclerosis.
Circulation.
2002;
105
1135-1143
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 13
Pasceri V, Willerson J T, Yeh E T.
Direct proinflammatory effect of C-reactive protein on human endothelial cells.
Circulation.
2000;
102
2165-2168
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 14
Mandrekar P, Catalano D, Szabo G.
Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-mediated NFkappaB activation by ethanol in human
monocytes.
Int Immunol.
1999;
11
1781-1790
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 15
McCarthy M F.
Interleukin-6 as a central mediator of cardiovascular risk associated with chronic
inflammation, smoking, diabetes, and visceral obesity: downregulation with essential
fatty acids, ethanol and pentoxifylline.
Medical Hypothesis.
1999;
52
465-477
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 16
McClain C J, Barve S, Deaciuc I. et al .
Cytokines in alcoholic liver disease.
Semin Liver Dis.
1999;
19
205-219
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 17
Mennen L I, Balkau B, Vol S. et al. for the DESIR Study Group .
Fibrinogen - A possible link between alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease?.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol.
1999;
19
887-892
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 18
Mukamal K J, Jadhav P P, D’Agostino R B. et al .
Alcohol consumption and hemostatic factors - Analysis of the Framingham Offspring
Cohort.
Circulation.
2001;
104
1367-1373
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 19
Nelson S, Kolls J K.
Alcohol, host defence and society.
Nature Reviews.
2002;
2
205-209
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 20
Ridker P M, Rifai N, Rose L, Buring J E, Cook N R.
Comparison of C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in
the prediction of first cardiovascular events.
N Engl J Med.
2002;
347
1557-1565
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 21
Ridker P M, Cushman M, Stampfer M J, Tracy R P, Hennekens C H.
Inflammation, aspirin, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy
men.
N Engl J Med.
1997;
336
973-979
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 22
Rimm E B, Williams P, Fosher K. et al .
Moderate alcohol intake and lower risk of coronary heart disease: meta-analysis of
effects on lipids and haemostatic factors.
BMJ.
1999;
319
1523-1528
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 23
Rosenkranz S, Knirel D, Dietrich H. et al .
Inhibition of the PDGF receptor by red wine flavonoids provides a molecular explanation
for the „French paradox”.
FASEB.
2002;
16
1958-1960
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 24
Ross R.
Atherosclerosis - An inflammatory disease.
N Engl J Med.
1999;
340
115-126
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 25
Rothenbacher D, Hoffmeister A, Brenner H, Koenig W.
Physical activity, coronary heart disease, and inflammatory response.
Arch Intern Med.
2003;
163
1200-1205
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 26
Sacanella E, Estruch R, Badia E. et al .
Chronic alcohol consumption increases serum levels of circulating endothelial cell/leucocyte
adhesion molecules E-selectin and ICAM-1.
Alcohol Alcohol.
1999;
34
678-684
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 27
Szabo G.
Consequences of alcohol consumption on host defence.
Alcohol Alcohol.
1999;
34
830-841
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 28
Valen G, Yan Z, Hansson G K.
Nuclear factor kappa-B and the heart.
J Am Coll Cardiol.
2001;
38
307-314
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 29
Yasojima K, Schwab C, McGeer E G, McGeer P L.
Generation of C-reactive protein and complement components in atherosclerotic plaques.
Am J Pathol.
2001;
158
1039-1051
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 30
Yeh E TH, Palusinski R P.
C-reactive protein: the pawn has been promoted to queen.
Curr Atheroscler Rep.
2003;
5
101-105
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
Prof. Dr. med. Wolfgang Koenig
Abteilung Innere Medizin II - Kardiologie, Medizinische Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik
Ulm
Robert Koch Straße 8
89081 Ulm
Phone: ++49/731/50024441
Fax: ++49/731/50033872
Email: wolfgang.koenig@medizin.uni-ulm.de