Zusammenfassung
Das Marfan-Syndrom ist eine autosomal dominant vererbte Störung der Fibrillin-1-Synthese
mit polytoper Manifestation. 75 % der Betroffenen entwickeln ein Aneurysma der Aorta
ascendens, 41 % erleiden eine Aortendissektion und 93 % versterben an den cardiovaskulären
Manifestationen. Skelettveränderungen bestehen bei 2/3 der Patienten, 60 - 80 % erleiden
eine Luxation der Augenlinse. Die Lebenserwartung beträgt unbehandelt 32 ± 16 Jahre.
Mit optimaler Therapie können jedoch bis zu 60 Jahre erreicht werden. Voraussetzung
hierfür ist eine frühzeitige Diagnose der Erkrankung sowie ihrer lebensbedrohenden
Komplikationen. Der radiologischen Diagnostik kommt durch den Nachweis diagnostischer
Haupt- und Nebenkriterien sowie der frühzeitigen Erkennung kritischer Dilatationen
und Dissektionen der Aorta die zentrale Bedeutung zu. Die Übersichtsarbeit beschreibt
die beim Marfan-Syndrom radiologisch nachweisbaren polytopen Veränderungen und erläutert
den Stellenwert der verschiedenen bildgebenden Verfahren in der Diagnostik und Therapie
des Marfan-Syndroms.
Abstract
Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance. It is caused
by mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene and leads to different disease manifestations.
Seventy-five percent of the affected individuals develop an aneurysm of the ascending
aorta, 41 % suffer from aortic dissections, and 93 % die of cardiovascular diseases.
Skeletal changes occur in two-thirds of the patients, and lens dislocation is observed
in 60 to 80 %. Without treatment, the life expectancy is 32 ± 16 years. However, Marfan
patients can live up to 60 years if they receive optimal therapy. Early diagnosis
of the disease and it 's life-threatening sequelae is the prerequisite for early therapy.
Radiologic diagnostic techniques are of pivotal importance in this context as they
allow the identification of major and minor disease manifestations and the detection
of severe dilatations and aortic dissections at an early stage. This overview describes
the radiologically detectable multiple changes seen in Marfan syndrome and explains
the diagnostic value of various imaging techniques in the diagnosis and therapy of
Marfan syndrome.
Key words
Marfan syndrome - computed tomography (CT) - magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - radiographs
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Dr. C. Dieckmann
Radiologisches Zentrum, Klinik und Poliklinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle
Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf
Martinistraße 52
20246 Hamburg
Email: dieckmann@uke.uni-hamburg.de