RSS-Feed abonnieren
DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-45199
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Hereditäre hämorrhagische Teleangiektasie (Morbus Osler-Weber-Rendu)[1]
Hereditary hemorrhagic teleangiectasiaPublikationsverlauf
eingereicht: 15.1.2003
akzeptiert: 10.9.2003
Publikationsdatum:
04. Dezember 2003 (online)

Die hereditäre hämorrhagische Teleangiektasie (HHT, Morbus Osler-Weber-Rendu) ist ein autosomal dominant vererbtes Leiden, das mit arteriovenösen (av) Malformationen im Bereich von Haut, Schleimhäuten und inneren Organe einhergeht. Es kommt vor allem zu rezidivierender Epistaxis und gastrointestinalen Blutungen. In ausgeprägten Fällen resultiert eine Transfusionspflichtigkeit. In den Erstbeschreibungen durch Rendu [38], Osler [32] und Weber [49] wurde die Erkrankung als Trias rezidivierender Blutungen, der Ausbildung von Teleangiektasien und einer familiären Häufung definiert. Der Begriff der hereditären hämorrhagischen Teleangiektasie (HHT) ist 1909 von Hanes geprägt worden [17].
Durch den Einsatz bildgebender Verfahren werden zunehmend av-Malformationen in Leber, Lunge oder Gehirn entdeckt, die Teil des multiformen Symptombildes sind. Deshalb hat man diese zur aktuellen Definition einer hereditären hämorrhagischen Teleangiektasie in die Curaçon-Kriterien einbezogen (Tab. [1]).
Tab. 1 Curaçon-Kriterien der hereditären hämorrhagischen Teleangiektasie 42. Kriterien einer HHT 1. Epistaxis spontane, rezidivierende Epistaxis 2. Teleangiektasien Lippen, Mundhöhle, Nase und Finger u. a. 3. viszerale Läsionen gastrointestinale Teleangiektasien hepatische, pulmonale oder zerebrale av-Malformationen 4. Familienanamnese mindestens 1 Verwandter ersten Grades, der den Kriterien 1 - 3 entspricht Wahrscheinlichkeit einer HHT sicher 3 Kriterien vorhanden möglich 2 Kriterien vorhanden unwahrscheinlich weniger als 2 Kriterien vorhanden
Die Therapie des M. Osler stellt eine interdisziplinäre Herausforderung dar. Der internistisch tätige Arzt sollte bei rezidivierender Epistaxis und gastrointestinalen Blutungen differentialdiagnostisch an eine hereditäre hämorrhagische Teleangiektasie denken.
kurzgefasst: Die HHT ist , nach den Curaçon-Kriterien definiert, eine autosomal dominant vererbte Erkrankung, die mit arteriovenösen (av) Malformationen der Haut, Schleimhäuten und innere Organe (Leber, Lunge oder Gehirn) einhergeht. Mittels verschiedener bildgebender Verfahren lassen sich die av-Malformationen innerer Organe nachweisen.
1 Herrn Prof. Dr. med. Dr. h.c. Walter Siegenthaler zum 80. Geburtstag
Literatur
- 1
Bauer T, Britton P, Lomas D. et al .
Liver transplantation for hepatic arteriovenous malformation in hereditary haemorrhagic
telangiectasia.
J Hepatol.
1995;
22
586-590
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 2 Berendes J. HNO-Heilkunde in Praxis und Klinik. 2. Aufl. Georg-Thieme Verlag 1979
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 3
Bergler W, Gotte K, Riedel F. et al .
Die Argon-Plasma-Koagulation in der Behandlung von hereditaren hamorrhagischen
Teleangiektasien der Nasenschleimhaut. (Argon plasma coagulation in treatment
of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia of the nasal mucosa).
HNO.
1998;
46
228-232
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 4
Bergler W, Riedel F, Baker-Schreyer A. et al .
Argon plasma coagulation for the treatment of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
Laryngoscope.
1999;
109
15-20
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 5
Boillot O, Bianco F, Viale J P. et al .
Liver transplantation resolves the hyperdynamic circulation in hereditary hemorrhagic
telangiectasia with hepatic involvement.
Gastroenterology.
1999;
116
187-192
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 6
Braverman I M, Keh A, Jacobson B S.
Ultrastructure and three-dimensional organization of the telangiectases of hereditary
hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
J Invest Dermatol.
1990;
95
422-427
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 7
Brohee D, Franken P, Fievez M. et al .
High-output right ventricular failure secondary to hepatic arteriovenous microfistulae.
Selective arterial embolization treatment.
Arch Intern Med.
1984;
144
1282-1284
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 8
Burke C M, Raffin T A.
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, aneurysms and reflections.
Chest.
1986;
89
771-772
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 9
Buscarini E, Buscarini L, Danesino C. et al .
Hepatic vascular malformations in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: Doppler
sonographic screening in a large family.
J Hepatol.
1997;
26
111-118
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 10
Caselitz M, Wagner S, Chavan A. et al .
Clinical outcome of transfemoral embolisation in patients with arteriovenous
malformations of the liver in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (Weber-Rendu-Osler
disease).
Gut.
1998;
42
123-126
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 11
Gluckman J L, Portugal L G.
Modified Young’s procedure for refractory epistaxis due to hereditary hemorrhagic
telangiectasia.
Laryngoscope.
1994;
104
1174-1177
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 12
Golding-Wood P H.
The role of arterial ligation in intractable epistaxis.
J Laryngol Otol.
1983;
8120-8122
(Suppl)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 13
Gothlin J H, Nordgard K, Jonsson K. et al .
Hepatic telangiectasia in Osler’s disease treated with arterial embolization:
Report of 2 cases.
Eur J Radiol.
1982;
2
27-30
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 14
Guttmacher A E, Marchuk D A, White R I.
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
N Engl J Med.
1995;
333
918-924
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 15
Haitjema T, Disch F, Overtoom T T. et al .
Screening family members of patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
Am J Med.
1995;
99
519-524
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 16
Haitjema T, Westermann C J, Overtoom T T. et al .
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu disease): new insights
in pathogenesis, complications, and treatment.
Arch Intern Med.
1996;
156
714-719
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 17
Hanes F M.
Multiple hereditary telangiectasee cause hemorrhage (herditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia).
Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp.
1909;
20
63-73
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 18
Jackson J E.
Hepatic vascular malformations in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: treatment
with embolization.
Radiology.
1999;
213
927-928
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 19
Jahnke V.
Zur Feinstriktur des Morbus Rendu-Osler-Weber. (Fine structure in Rendu-Osler-Weber’s
disease).
Arch Klin Exp Ohren Nasen Kehlkopfheilkd.
1971;
199
610-614
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 20
Johnson D W, Berg J N, Baldwin M A. et al .
Mutations in the activin receptor-like kinase 1 gene in hereditary haemorrhagic
telangiectasia type 2.
Nat Genet.
1996;
13
189-195
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 21
Kjeldsen A D, Oxhoj H, Andersen P E. et al .
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: screening procedures and pulmonary angiography
in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
Chest.
1999;
116
432-439
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 22
Lennox P A, Harries M, Lund V J. et al .
A retrospective study of the role of the argon laser in the management of epistaxis
secondary to hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia.
J Laryngol Otol.
1997;
111
34-37
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 23
Mager J J, Westermann C J.
Value of capillary microscopy in the diagnosis of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
Arch Dermatol.
2000;
136
732-734
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 24
Maher C O, Piepgras D G, Brown R -DJ. et al .
Cerebrovascular manifestations in 321 cases of hereditary hemorrhagic
telangiectasia.
Stroke.
2001;
32
877-882
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 25
Mathus-Vliegen E M.
Laser treatment of intestinal vascular abnormalities.
Int J Colorectal Dis.
1989;
4
20-25
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 26
Matsubara S, Manzia J L, ter Brugge K. et al .
Angiographic and clinical characteristics of patients with cerebral arteriovenous
malformations associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
Am J Neuroradiol.
2000;
21
1016-1020
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 27
McAllister K A, Grogg K M, Johnson D W. et al .
Endoglin, a TGF-beta binding protein of endothelial cells, is the gene for hereditary
haemorrhagic telangiectasia type 1.
Nat Genet.
1994;
8
345-351
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 28
Neumann U P, Knoop M, Langrehr J M. et al .
Effective therapy for hepatic M. Osler with systemic hypercirculation by ligation
of the hepatic artery and subsequent liver transplantation.
Transpl Int.
1998;
11
323-326
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 29
Ocran K, Rickes S, Neye H. et al .
Dopplersonographische Leberbefunde bei M Osler.
Ultraschall Med.
2001;
22
S38-S39
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 30
Odorico J S, Hakim M N, Becker Y T. et al .
Liver transplantation as definitive therapy for complications after arterial
embolization for hepatic manifestations of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
Liver Transpl Surg.
1998;
4
483-490
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 31
Olivieri C, Mira E, Delu G. et al .
Identification of 13 new mutations in the ACVRL1 gene in a group of 52 unselected
Italian patients affected by hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia.
J Med Genet.
2002;
39
E39
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 32
Osler W.
On a family form of recurring epistaxis, associated with multiple telangiectases
of the skin and mucous membranes.
Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp.
1901;
12
333-?33
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 33
Piantanida M, Buscarini E, Dellavecchia C. et al .
Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia with extensive liver involvement is not
caused by either HHT1 or HHT2.
J Med Genet.
1996;
33
441-444
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 34
Plauchu H, de Chadarevian J P, Bideau A. et al .
Age-related clinical profile of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia in an
epidemiologically recruited population.
Am J Med Genet.
1989;
32
291-297
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 35
Porteous M E, Curtis A, Williams O. et al .
Genetic heterogeneity in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia.
J Med Genet.
1994;
31
925-926
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 36
Radtke W E, Smith H C, Fulton R E. et al .
Misdiagnosis of atrial septal defect in patients with hereditary telangiectasia
(Osler-Weber-Rendu disease) and hepatic arteriovenous fistulas.
Am Heart J.
1978;
95
235-242
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 37
Reilly P J, Nostrant T T.
Clinical manifestations of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
Am J Gastroenterol.
1984;
79
363-367
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 38
Rendu H J.
Épistaxis répétées chez un sujet porteur de petits angiomes cutanés et muqueux.
Bull Soc Med Hop (Paris).
1896;
13
731-733
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 39
Sargeant I R, Loizou L A, Rampton D. et al .
Laser ablation of upper gastrointestinal vascular ectasias: long term
results.
Gut.
1993;
34
470-475
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 40
Saunders W H.
Epistaxis.
Minn Med.
1967;
50
849-854
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 41
Saunders W H.
Septal dermoplasty-ten years experience.
Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol.
1968;
72
153-160
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 42
Shovlin C L, Guttmacher A E, Buscarini E. et al .
Diagnostic criteria for hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Rendu-Osler-Weber
syndrome).
Am J Med Genet.
2000;
91
66-67
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 43
Shovlin C L, Hughes J M, Tuddenham E G. et al .
A gene for hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia maps to chromosome 9q3.
Nat Genet.
1994;
6
205-209
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 44
Shovlin C L, Letarte M.
Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia and pulmonary arteriovenous malformations:
issues in clinical management and review of pathogenic mechanisms.
Thorax.
1999;
54
714-729
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 45
Stockx L, Raat H, Caerts B. et al .
Transcatheter embolization of hepatic arteriovenous fistulas in Rendu-Osler-Weber
disease: a case report and review of the literature.
Eur Radiol.
1999;
9
1434-1437
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 46
Trotter J F, Suhocki P V, Lina J R. et al .
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia causing high output cardiac failure: treatment
with transcatheter embolization.
Am J Gastroenterol.
1998;
93
1569-1571
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 47
Van Cutsem E, Rutgeerts P, Geboes K. et al .
Estrogen-progesterone treatment of Osler-Weber-Rendu disease.
J Clin Gastroenterol.
1988;
10
676-679
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 48
Vincent P, Plauchu H, Hazan J. et al .
A third locus for hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia maps to chromosome
12q.
Hum Mol Genet.
1995;
4
945-949
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 49
Weber F P.
Multiple heriditary developmental angiomata (telangiectases) of the skin and
mucous membranes associated with recurring haemorrhages.
Lancet.
1907;
2
160-162
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 50
Werner J A, Lippert B M, Geisthoff U W. et al .
Nd:YAG-Lasertherapie der rezidivierenden Epistaxis bei hereditarer hamorrhagischer
Teleangiektasie. (Nd:YAG laser therapy of recurrent epistaxis in hereditary
hemorrhagic telangiectasia).
Laryngorhinootologie.
1997;
76
495-501
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 51
White R I, Pollak J S, Wirth J A.
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: diagnosis and transcatheter embolotherapy.
J Vasc Interv Radiol.
1996;
7
787-804
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 52
Zentler-Munro P L, Howard E R, Karani J. et al .
Variceal haemorrhage in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia.
Gut.
1989;
30
1293-1297
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
1 Herrn Prof. Dr. med. Dr. h.c. Walter Siegenthaler zum 80. Geburtstag
Dr. Kenneth Ocran
Universitätsklinikum Charité, Campus Mitte, Medizinische Klinik - Gastroenterologie/Hepatologie
10098 Berlin
Telefon: +49/30/450514045
Fax: +49/30/450514939
eMail: ocran@charite.de