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PPH 2004; 10(6): 327-335
DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-813749
Pflegeforschung

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Wozu werden Pflegefachkräfte in der Psychiatrie gebraucht?

Entwicklung einer Theorie der pflegerischen PraxisP. Barker1 , S. Jackson1 , C. Stevenson1
  • 1Der Artikel ist zuerst erschienen im „Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing” 1999; 6: 273 - 282. Der Abdruck erfolgt mit freundlicher Genehmigung des Verlages Blackwell Science Ltd. Übersetzung aus dem Englischen: Thomas Fischer
Wir bedanken uns herzlich für die Unterstützung durch alle an der Studie beteiligten Personen. Diese Studie wurde finanziell durch das Northern and Yorkshire Research and Development Committee, NHS Executive, England, unterstützt.
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Publikationsdatum:
01. Dezember 2004 (online)

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Aktuelle Entwicklungen im Gesundheitswesen haben zu einer Überprüfung des Status von psychiatrischen Pflegefachkräften geführt. Bisher wurde aber nur unzureichend untersucht, wozu psychiatrische Pflege innerhalb eines multiprofessionellen Teams überhaupt „gebraucht” wird. Mittels einer angepassten Grounded Theory Methodologie wurde eine Theorie geringer Reichweite entwickelt, basierend auf den Aussagen von Patienten, ihren Angehörigen und Psychiatriefachkräften aus sechs Einrichtungen in England, Irland und Nordirland: Es sollte die Frage beantwortet werden, wozu psychiatrische Pflege gebraucht wird. Als Ergebnis wurde Übereinstimmung zwischen Patienten und Fachkräften festgestellt, dass die grundlegende Eigenschaft von Pflege (die Kernkategorie) aus einem Komplex von Beziehungen besteht: „Dich kennen - mich kennen”. Innerhalb dieses Komplexes können oder müssen Pflegende zwischen drei verschiedenen Domänen der Beziehungsgestaltung wechseln: gewöhnliches Ich (GI), Pseudogewöhnliches oder Artifizielles Ich (PGAI) und Professionelles Ich (PI). Vier interne Dimensionen unterscheiden diese Domänen: Genauigkeit des Kennens, Macht, Gebrauch von Zeit und Gebrauch von Übersetzung. Die dargestellte Theorie wird im Kontext des wachsenden Nutzer-(Verbaucher-)Einflusses und der Technologisierung im Gesundheitswesen diskutiert.

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1 Angesichts der Vorbehalte, die Altschul [1] gegen den Begriff „mental health nursing” äußert, wird im englischen Original durchgängig der Begriff „psychiatric nursing” verwendet.

2 In Anerkennung der in großem Maß persönlichen und individuellen Auswirkungen psychischer Erkrankungen wird im Text der Begriff „Person” verwendet, statt der eher technischen Begriffe Klient, Patient oder Nutzer

Prof. P. Barker

Department of Psychiatry, University of Newcastle, Royal Victoria Infirmary

Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4LP

UK