Caloric Restriction and Insulin-like Growth Factors in Aging and Cancer

Ch. Sell

doi:10.1055/s-2004-814156

Hormone and Metabolic Research, Table of Contents

Horm Metab Res 2003; 35(11/12): 705-711
DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-814156

Review

Caloric Restriction and Insulin-like Growth Factors in Aging and Cancer

Ch. Sell¹

¹Lankenau Institute for Medical Research

Abstract

This review examines the influence of a reduction in caloric intake on cancer and longevity. Data indicating that rodents subjected to caloric restriction display lower tumor incidence, reduced susceptibility to carcinogens and extended lifespan is analyzed. The potential role of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-I) axis in this effect is discussed as is the evidence that a reduction in growth hormone and/or IGF-I leads to a reduction in spontaneous tumors and susceptibility to carcinogens.

Key words

Cancer - Aging - Insulin-like growth factor - Caloric restriction

Full Text

References

1 Moreschi C. Beziehung zwischen Ernährung und Tumorwachstum. Z Immunitatsforsch. 1909; 2 651-675
2 Rous P. The influence of diet on transplanted and spontaneous tumors. Exp Med. 1914; 20 351-413
3 Visscher M, Ball Z, Barnes R, Siverstein I. The influence of caloric restriction upon the incidence of spontaneous mammary carcinoma in mice. Surgery. 1942; 11 48-55
4 Ros MH BG. Lasting influence of early caloric restriction on prevalence of neoplasms in the rat. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1971; 47 1095-1113
5 Pugh T D, Oberley T D, Weindruch R. Dietary intervention at middle age: caloric restriction but not dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate increases lifespan and lifetime cancer incidence in mice. Cancer Res. 1999; 59 1642-1648
6 Tannenbaum A. The dependence of the genesis of skin tumors on the caloric intake during different stages of carcinogenesis. Cancer Res. 1944; 9 673-677
7 Tannenbaum A. The initiation and growth of tumors. Introduction. I. Effects of underfeeding. Am J Cancer. 1940; 38 335-350
8 Boissonneault GA EC, Pariza M W. Net energy effects of dietary fat on chemically induced mammary carcinogenesis in F344 rats. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1986; 76 335-338
9 Kritchevsky D, Weber M, Klurfeld D. Dietary fat versus caloric content in initiation and promotion of 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary tumorigenesis in rats. Cancer Res. 1984; 44 3174-3177
10 Maeda H, Gleiser C A, Masoro E J, Murata I, McMahan C A, Yu B P. Nutritional influences on aging of Fischer 344 rats. II. Pathology J Gerontol. 1985; 40 671-688
11 McCay C, Crowell M, Maynard L. The effect of retarded growth upon the length of life span and upon the ultimate body size. J Nutr. 1935; 10 63-79
12 Weindruch R, Walford R. The Retardation of Aging and Disease by Dietary Restriction. Springfield, IL; Thomas 1988
13 Yu B P, Masoro E J, McMahan C A. Nutritional influences on aging of Fischer 344 rats. I. Physical, metabolic, and longevity characteristics. J Gerontol. 1985; 40 657-670
14 Finch C E, Ruvkun G. The genetics of aging. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet. 2001; 2 435-462
15 Kenyon C, Chang J, Gensch E, Rudner A, Tabtiang R. A C. elegans mutant that lives twice as long as wild type. Nature. 1993; 366 461-464
16 Kimura K D, Tissenbaum H A, Liu Y, Ruvkun G. daf-2, an insulin receptor-like gene that regulates longevity and diapause in Caenorhabditis elegans. Science. 1997; 277 942-946
17 Clancy D J, Gems D, Harshman L G. et al . Extension of life-span by loss of CHICO, a Drosophila insulin receptor substrate protein. Science. 2001; 292 104-106
18 Tatar M, Kopelman A, Epstein D, Tu M P, Yin C M, Garofalo R S. A mutant Drosophila insulin receptor homolog that extends life-span and impairs neuroendocrine function. Science. 2001; 292 107-110
19 Tissenbaum H A, Ruvkun G. An insulin-like signaling pathway affects both longevity and reproduction in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics. 1998; 148 703-717
20 Kenyon C. A conserved regulatory system for aging. Cell. 2001; 105 165-168
21 Flurkey K, Papaconstantinou J, Miller R A, Harrison D E. Lifespan extension and delayed immune and collagen aging in mutant mice with defects in growth hormone production. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001; 98 6736-6741
22 Brown-Borg H M, Borg K E, Meliska C J, Bartke A. Dwarf mice and the ageing process. Nature. 1996; 384 33
23 Coschigano K T, Clemmons D, Bellush L L, Kopchick J J. Assessment of growth parameters and life span of GHR/BP gene-disrupted mice. Endocrinology. 2000; 141 2608-2613
24 Lin C, Lin S C, Chang C P, Rosenfeld M G. Pit-1-dependent expression of the receptor for growth hormone releasing factor mediates pituitary cell growth. Nature. 1992; 360 765-768
25 Lin S C, Lin C R, Gukovsky I, Lusis A J, Sawchenko P E, Rosenfeld M G. Molecular basis of the little mouse phenotype and implications for cell type-specific growth. Nature. 1993; 364 208-213
26 Li S, Crenshaw E B 3rd, Rawson E J, Simmons D M, Swanson L W, Rosenfeld M G. Dwarf locus mutants lacking three pituitary cell types result from mutations in the POU-domain gene pit-1. Nature. 1990; 347 528-533
27 Mangalam H J, Albert V R, Ingraham H A. et al . A pituitary POU domain protein, Pit-1, activates both growth hormone and prolactin promoters transcriptionally. Genes Dev. 1989; 3 946-958
28 Bodner M, Castrillo J L, Theill L E, Deerinck T, Ellisman M, Karin M. The pituitary-specific transcription factor GHF-1 is a homeobox-containing protein. Cell. 1988; 55 505-518
29 Fox S R, Jong M T, Casanova J, Ye Z S, Stanley F, Samuels H H. The homeodomain protein, Pit-1/GHF-1, is capable of binding to and activating cell-specific elements of both the growth hormone and prolactin gene promoters. Mol Endocrinol. 1990; 4 1069-1080
30 Ingraham H A, Chen R P, Mangalam H J. et al . A tissue-specific transcription factor containing a homeodomain specifies a pituitary phenotype. Cell. 1988; 55 519-529
31 Dolle P, Castrillo J L, Theill L E, Deerinck T, Ellisman M, Karin M. Expression of GHF-1 protein in mouse pituitaries correlates both temporally and spatially with the onset of growth hormone gene activity. Cell. 1990; 60 809-820
32 Wilson D B, Wyatt D P. Immunocytochemistry of TSH cells during development of the dwarf mutant mouse. Anat Embryol. 1986; 174 277-282
33 Roux M, Bartke A, Dumont F, Dubois M P. Immunohistological study of the anterior pituitary gland - pars distalis and pars intermedia - in dwarf mice. Cell Tissue Res. 1982; 223 415-420
34 Zhou Y, Xu B C, Maheshwari H G. et al . A mammalian model for Laron syndrome produced by targeted disruption of the mouse growth hormone receptor/binding protein gene (the Laron mouse). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1997; 94 13 215-13 220
35 Bellush L L, Doublier S, Holland A N, Striker L J, Striker G E, Kopchick J J. Protection against diabetes-induced nephropathy in growth hormone receptor/binding protein gene-disrupted mice. Endocrinology. 2000; 141 163-168
36 Holzenberger M, Dupont J, Ducos B. et al . IGF-1 receptor regulates lifespan and resistance to oxidative stress in mice. Nature. 2003; 421 182-187
37 Breese C R, Ingram R L, Sonntag W E. Influence of age and long-term dietary restriction on plasma insulin- like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF-1 gene expression, and IGF-1 binding proteins. J Gerontol. 1991; 46 B180-187
38 D'Costa A P, Lenham J E, Ingram R L, Sonntag W E. Moderate caloric restriction increases type 1 IGF receptors and protein synthesis in aging rats. Mech Ageing Dev. 1993; 71 59-71
39 Florini J, Harned J, Richman R, Weiss J. Effect of rat age on serum levels of growth hormone and somatomedins. Mech Aging Dev. 1981; 15 165-167
40 Ruggeri B A, Klurfeld D M, Kritchevsky D, Furlanetto R W. Caloric restriction and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary tumor growth in rats: alterations in circulating insulin, insulin-like growth factors I and II, and epidermal growth factor. Cancer Res. 1989; 49 4130-4134
41 Smith A T, Underwood L E, Ben-Ezra V, McMurray R. The effect of exercise on plasma somatomedin-C/insulinlike rowth factor 1 concentrations. Metabolism. 1987; 36 533-537
42 Kaleko M, Rutter W J, Miller A D. Overexpression of the human insulin-like growth factor I receptor promotes ligand-dependent neoplastic transformation. Mol Cell Biol. 1990; 10 464-473
43 Sell C, Rubini M, Rubin R, Liu J P, Efstratiadis A, Baserga R. Simian virus 40 large tumor antigen is unable to transform mouse embryonic fibroblasts lacking type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1993; 90 11 217-11 221
44 Sell C, Dumenil G, Deveaud C. et al . Effect of a null mutation of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor gene on growth and transformation of mouse embryo fibroblasts. Mol Cell Biol. 1994; 14 3604-3612
45 Trojan J, Blossey B K, Johnson T R, Rudin S D, Tykocinski M, Ilan J. Loss of tumorigenicity of rat glioblastoma directed by episome-based antisense cDNA transcription of insulin-like growth factor I. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1992; 89 4874-4878
46 Trojan J, Johnson T R, Rudin S D, Ilan J, Tykocinski M L. Treatment and prevention of rat glioblastoma by immunogenic C6 cells expressing antisense insulin-like growth factor I RNA [see comments]. Science. 1993; 259 94-97
47 Shevelev A, Burfeind P, Schulze E. et al . Potential triple helix-mediated inhibition of IGF-I gene expression significantly reduces tumorigenicity of glioblastoma in an animal model. Cancer Gene Ther. 1997; 4 105-112
48 Resnicoff M, Sell C, Rubini M. et al . Rat glioblastoma cells expressing an antisense RNA to the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptor are nontumorigenic and induce regression of wild-type tumors. Cancer Res. 1994; 54 2218-2222
49 Resnicoff M, Coppola D, Sell C, Rubin R, Ferrone S, Baserga R. Growth inhibition of human melanoma cells in nude mice by antisense strategies to the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor. Cancer Res. 1994; 54 4848-4850
50 Andrews D W, Resnicoff M, Flanders A E. et al . Results of a pilot study involving the use of an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide directed against the insulin-like growth factor type I receptor in malignant astrocytomas. J Clin Oncol. 2001; 19 2189-2200
51 Dunn S E, Kari F W, French J. et al . Dietary restriction reduces insulin-like growth factor I levels, which modulates apoptosis, cell proliferation, and tumor progression in p53- deficient mice. Cancer Res. 1997; 57 4667-4672
52 DiGiovanni J, Kiguchi K, Frijhoff A. et al . Deregulated expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 in prostate epithelium leads to neoplasia in transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000; 97 3455-3460
53 DiGiovanni J, Bol D K, Wilker E. et al . Constitutive expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 in epidermal basal cells of transgenic mice leads to spontaneous tumor promotion. Cancer Res. 2000; 60 1561-1570
54 Wu Y, Yakar S, Zhao L, Hennighausen L, LeRoith D. Circulating insulin-like growth factor-I levels regulate colon cancer growth and metastasis. Cancer Res. 2002; 62 1030-1035
55 Fukuda R, Hirota K, Fan F, Jung Y D, Ellis L M, Semenza G L. Insulin-like growth factor 1 induces hypoxia-inducible factor 1-mediated vascular endothelial growth factor expression, which is dependent on MAP kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling in colon cancer cells. J Biol Chem. 2002; 277 38 205-38 211
56 Wu Y, Cui K, Miyoshi K. et al . Reduced circulating insulin-like growth factor I levels delay the onset of chemically and genetically induced mammary tumors. Cancer Res. 2003; 63 4384-4388
57 Ramsey M M, Ingram R L, Cashion A B. et al . Growth hormone-deficient dwarf animals are resistant to dimethylbenzanthracine (DMBA)-induced mammary carcinogenesis. Endocrinology. 2002; 143 4139-4142
58 Jiang W, Zhu Z, Thompson H J. Effect of energy restriction on cell cycle machinery in 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea-induced mammary carcinomas in rats. Cancer Res. 2003; 63 1228-1234
59 Ikeno Y, Bronson R T, Hubbard G B, Lee S, Bartke A. Delayed occurrence of fatal neoplastic diseases in ames dwarf mice: correlation to extended longevity. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2003; 58 291-296
60 Roth G, Ingram D, Lane M. Caloric restriction in primates and relevance to humans. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2000; 928 305-315
61 Ramsey J, Colman R, Binkley N. et al . Dietary restriction and aging in rhesus monkeys: the University of Wisconsin study. Exp Gerontol. 2000; 35 1131-1149
62 Roberts S B, Pi-Sunyer X, Kuller L. et al . Physiologic effects of lowering caloric intake in nonhuman primates and nonobese humans. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001; 56 66-75
63 LeRoith D, Roberts C J. The insulin-like growth factor system and cancer. Cancer Lett. 2003; 195 127-137
64 Woodson K, Tangrea J A, Pollak M. et al . Serum insulin-like growth factor I: tumor marker or etiologic factor? A prospective study of prostate cancer among Finnish men. Cancer Res. 2003; 63 3991-3994
65 Gao W Q, Shinsky N, Ingle G, Beck K, Elias K A, Powell-Braxton L. IGF-I deficient mice show reduced peripheral nerve conduction velocities and decreased axonal diameters and respond to exogenous IGF-I treatment. J Neurobiol. 1999; 39 142-152
66 Lembo G, Rockman H A, Hunter J J. et al . Elevated blood pressure and enhanced myocardial contractility in mice with severe IGF-1 deficiency. J Clin Invest. 1996; 98 2648-2655
67 Migliaccio E, Giorgio M, Mele S, Pelicci G, Reboldi P, Pandolfi P P, Lanfrancone L, Pelicci P G. The p66shc adaptor protein controls oxidative stress response and life span in mammals. Nature. 1999; 402 309-313
68 Bugni J M, Poole T M, Drinkwater N R. The little mutation suppresses DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in mice and abrogates genetic and hormonal modulation of susceptibility. Carcinogenesis. 2001; 22 1853-1862
69 Yang X F, Beamer W G, Huynh H, Pollak M. Reduced growth of human breast cancer xenografts in hosts homozygous for the lit mutation. Cancer Res. 1996; 56 1509-1511

Ch. Sell

Lankenau Institute for Medical Research

100 Lancaster Ave · Wynnewood · PA 19096 · USA ·

Phone: +01(610)645-8521

Fax: +01(610)645-2205

Email: sellc@mlhs.org