Komplementärmedizin, Phytotherapie und Sojaisoflavone als Phytoöstrogene

Zusammenfassung

Nach einer kurzen Einführung in die Thematik Komplementärmedizin/Naturheilkunde und Phytotherapie erfolgt ein Überblick über Sojaisoflavone als Phytoöstrogene. Im deutschsprachigen Raum haben Begriff und Fach Naturheilkunde eine 150-jährige Tradition an Theorienbildung und Praxis in Laien- und medizinischen Fachkreisen. Der Begriff Komplementärmedizin wird hingegen seit rund 15 Jahren in englischsprachigen Ländern benutzt und etabliert sich als Sammelbegriff für eine Fülle kulturell und qualitativ unterschiedlicher medizinischer Methoden und Verfahren, die die Schulmedizin ergänzen können. Einer der ältesten und intensiv beforschten therapeutischen Bereiche der europäischen Naturheilkunde und der außereuropäischen Komplementärmedizin ist die Phytotherapie. Am Beispiel der Sojaisoflavone zeigen sich Unterschiede zwischen der auf Vielstoffgemischen basierenden Phytotherapie und der meist auf isolierten Monosubstanzen basierenden Supplemente (neutraceuticals) von Phytoöstrogenen. Die verschiedenen Präparate von Sojaisoflavonen sind keine Phytotherapeutika. Ein Überblick zur experimentellen und klinischen Datenlage über die Phytoöstrogengruppe der Sojaisoflavone zur Prävention maligner Erkrankungen, klimakterischer Beschwerden (z. B. Hitzewallungen, Schweißausbrüche), Osteoporose oder kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen weist darauf hin, dass der Verzehr von phytoöstrogenhaltigen Nahrungsmitteln vermutlich gesundheitsförderlich, aber der gesundheitliche Nutzen der Supplementierung isolierter Phytoöstrogene noch nicht ausreichend belegt ist.

Abstract

After a introduction concerning complementary medicine, naturopathy and phytotherapy a general view of soy isoflavones as phytoestrogens will be given. In german speaking countries the term and topic naturopathy has a tradition of 150 years regarding theoretical development and practical use among lay people and health professionals in European culture. In contrary the term complementary medicine has been used for approximately 15 years in englisch speaking countries as a kind of collective name for European and Non-European medical cultures and traditions. Complementay medicine summarizes a huge variety of cultural, medical and qualitywise different medical methods and treatments which can be a contribution to conventional medicine. One of the oldest and intensly researched fields in European and Non-European complementary medicine is the use of herbal drugs (phytotherapy). Soy isoflavones serve as an example to show the differences between phytotherapy based on multicompounds and dietary supplements (neutraceuticals) based on monosubstances. The differing preparations of soy isoflavones are not phytotherapeutic medicine. A review of the experimental and clinical data concerning soy isoflavones as phytoestrogens for the prevention of cancer, menopausal complaints, osteoporosis or cardiovascular diseases indicates that the consumption of food containing phytoestrogens seems to be health protective. Yet, the relevance of supplementation of single phytoestrogens for an additional health effect is not sufficiently proven.

Schlüsselwörter

Komplementärmedizin - Naturheilkunde - Phytotherapie - Vielstoffgemisch - Phytoöstrogene - Sojaisoflavone - Monosubstanz

Key words

Complementary medicine - naturopathy - phytotherapy - herbal drug - multicompound - phytoestrogen - sojaisoflavone - monosubstance

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