Facial Plast Surg 2004; 20(1): 21-29
DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-822955
Copyright © 2004 by Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001 USA.

Review of Injectable Materials for Soft Tissue Augmentation

Mark R. Homicz1 , Deborah Watson1
  • 1Division of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA
Weitere Informationen

Publikationsverlauf

Publikationsdatum:
22. März 2004 (online)

Although a variety of injectable agents are available for soft tissue augmentation, no perfect filler material exists. The advantages and disadvantages of commonly used materials such as bovine collagen have been well documented. However, many newer injectables are still undergoing experimentation to determine their clinical efficacy and long-term safety. This article details recent scientific work to compare injectable materials from the following categories: xenografts (bovine collagen and hyaluronic acid derivatives), autografts (autologous fat, Isolagen, and Autologen), homografts (Dermalogen and Cymetra), and synthetic materials (fluid silicone and Artecoll).

REFERENCES

  • 1 Fagien S. Botox for the treatment of dynamic and hyperkinetic facial lines and furrows: adjunctive use in facial aesthetic surgery.  Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999;  103 701-713
  • 2 Parker F. Structure and function of the skin. In: Orkin M, Mailbach HI, Dahl MV Dermatology. San Mateo, CA; Appleton and Lange 1991: 1-14
  • 3 Wallace D G, McPherson J J, Ellingsworth L E et al.. Injectable collagen for tissue augmentation. In: Nimni ME Collagen. vol 3 Boca Raton, FL; CRC Press 1988: 117-144
  • 4 Klein A W. Skin filling: collagen and other injectables of the skin.  Dermatol Clin. 2001;  19 (3) 491-508
  • 5 Framer F M, Churukium M M. Clinical use of injectable collagen: a three-year retrospective review.  Arch Otolaryngol. 1984;  110 93-98
  • 6 Cooperman L S, Mackinnon V, Bechler G, Phariss B B. Injectable collagen: a six-year clinical investigation.  Aesthet Plast Surg. 1985;  9 145-151
  • 7 Elson M L. The role of skin testing in the use of collagen injectable materials.  J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1989;  15 301-303
  • 8 Stegman S, Chu S, Armstrong R. Adverse reactions to bovine collagen implant: clinical and histologic features.  J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1988;  14 (suppl) 39-48
  • 9 Klein A W. In favor of double testing.  J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1989;  15 263
  • 10 Hanke C W, Hingley H R, Jolivette D M et al.. Abscess formation and local necrosis after treatment with Zyderm or Zyplast collagen implant.  J Am Acad Dermatol. 1991;  25 319-326
  • 11 Overholt M A, Tschar J A, Font R L. Granulomatous reaction to collagen implant: light and electron microscopic observations.  Cutis. 1993;  51 95-98
  • 12 Moscana R R, Bergman R B, Friedman-Birnbaum R. An unusual late reaction to Zyderm I injections: a challenge for treatment.  Plast Reconstr Surg. 1993;  92 331-334
  • 13 Cukier J, Beauchamp R A, Spindler J S et al.. Association between bovine collagen dermal implants and a dermatomyositis or a polymyositis-like syndrome.  Ann Intern Med. 1993;  118 920-928
  • 14 Elson M L. Injectable collagen and autoimmune disease.  J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1993;  19 165-168
  • 15 Hanke C W, Thomas J A, Lee W T, Jolivette D M, Rosenberg M J. Risk assessment of polymyositis/dermatomyositis after treatment with injectable bovine collagen implants.  J Am Acad Dermatol. 1996;  34 (3) 450-454
  • 16 Bousquet M T, Agerup B. Restylane lip implantation: European experience.  Operat Tech Oculoplast Orbital Reconstr Surg. 1999;  2 172-176
  • 17 Cantisano-Zilkha M, Bosniak S. Hyaluronic acid gel injections for facial rejuvenation: a 3-year clinical experience.  Operat Tech Oculoplast Orbital Reconstr Surg. 1999;  2 177-181
  • 18 Duranti F, Salti G, Bovani B, Calandra M, Rosati M L. Injectable hyaluronic acid gel for soft tissue augmentation: a clinical and histologic study.  Dermatol Surg. 1998;  24 1317-1325
  • 19 Manna F, Dentini M, Desideri P, DePia O, Mortilla E, Maras B. Comparative chemical evaluation of two commercially available derivatives of hyaluronic acid (Hylaform from rooster combs and Restylane from streptococcus) used for soft tissue augmentation.  J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereal. 1999;  13 183-192
  • 20 Lupton J R, Alster T S. Cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction to injectable hyaluronic acid gel.  Dermatol Surg. 2000;  26 135-137
  • 21 Lowe N J, Maxwell C A, Lowe P, Duick M G, Shah K. Hyaluronic acid skin fillers: adverse reactions and skin testing.  J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001;  45 (6) 930-933
  • 22 Friedman P M, Mafong E A, Kauvar A N, Geronemus R G. Safety data of injectable nonanimal stabilized hyaluronic acid gel for soft tissue augmentation.  Dermatol Surg. 2002;  28 (6) 491-494
  • 23 Neuber G. Fettransplantation. Bericht uber die Verhandlungen der Dt Ges f Chir.  Zentralbl Chir. 1893;  22 66
  • 24 Illouz Y G. Present results of fat injection.  Aesthet Plast Surg. 1988;  12 175-181
  • 25 Chajchir A, Benzaquen I. Fat-grafting injection for soft tissue augmentation.  Plast Reconstr Surg. 1989;  84 921-934
  • 26 Coleman S R. Facial recontouring with lipostructure.  Clin Plast Surg. 1997;  24 (2) 347-367
  • 28 Boss W K, Usal H, Fodor P B, Chernoff G. Autologous cultured fibroblasts: a protein repair system.  Ann Plast Surg. 2000;  44 (5) 536-542
  • 27 Watson D, Keller G S, Lacombe V et al.. Autologous fibroblasts for treatment of facial rhytids and dermal depressions.  Arch Facial Plast Surg. 1999;  1 165-170
  • 29 Sclafani A P, Romo T, Parker A, McCormick S A, Cocker R, Jacono A A. Autologous collagen dispersion (Autologen) as a dermal filler.  Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2000;  2 48-52
  • 30 Fagien S. Facial soft-tissue augmentation with injectable autologous and allogeneic human tissue collagen matrix (Autologen and Dermalogen).  Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000;  105 362-373
  • 31 Moody B R, Sengelmann R D. Self-limited adverse reaction to human-derived collagen injectable product.  Dermatol Surg. 2000;  26 (10) 936-938
  • 32 Sclafani A P, Romo T, Parker A et al.. Homologous collagen dispersion (Dermalogen) as a dermal filler: persistence and histology compared with bovine collagen.  Ann Plast Surg. 2002;  49 (2) 181-188
  • 33 Sclafani A P, Romo T, Jacono A A et al.. Evaluation of acellular dermal graft in sheet (Alloderm) and injectable (micronized Alloderm) forms for soft tissue augmentation: clinical observations and histologic analysis.  Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2000;  2 130-136
  • 34 Sclafani A P, Romo T, Jacono A A. Rejuvenation of the aging lip with an injectable acellular dermal graft (Cymetra).  Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2002;  4 252-257
  • 35 Maas C S, Papel I D, Greene D, Stoker D A. Complications of injectable synthetic polymers in facial augmentation.  Dermatol Surg. 1997;  23 871-877
  • 36 Gersuny J S. Hard-parafin prosthesis.  Zentralbl Chir. 1903;  1 86-88
  • 37 Webster R C, Fuleihan N S, Gaunt J M, Hamdan U S, Smith R C. Injectable silicone for small augmentations: twenty year experience in humans.  Am J Cosmet Surg. 1984;  1 (4) 1-10
  • 38 Orentreich D S, Orentreich N. Injectable fluid silicone. In: Roenigk RK, Roenigk HH Dermatologic Surgery Principles and Practice. New York; Marcel Dekker 1989: 1349-1395
  • 39 Ellenbogen R, Ellenbogen R, Rubin L. Injectable fluid silicone therapy: human morbidity and mortality.  JAMA. 1975;  234 308-309
  • 40 Ficarra G, Mosqueda-Taylor A, Carlos R. Silicone granuloma of the facial tissues: a report of seven cases.  Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2002;  94 (1) 65-73
  • 41 Pearl R M, Laub D R, Kaplan E N. Complications following silicone injections for augmentation of the contours of the face.  Plast Reconstr Surg. 1978;  61 888-891
  • 42 Lemperle G, Hazan-Gauthier N, Lemperle M. PMMA microspheres (Artecoll) for skin and soft-tissue augmentation. Part II: clinical investigations.  Plast Reconstr Surg. 1995;  96 627-634
  • 43 McClelland M, Egbert B, Hanko V, Berg R A, DeLustro F. Evaluation of Artecoll polymethylmethacrylate implant for soft-tissue augmentation: biocompatibility and chemical characterization.  Plast Reconstr Surg. 1997;  100 1466-1474
  • 44 Rudolph C M, Soyer H P, Schuller-Petrovic S, Kerl H. Foreign body granulomas due to injectable aesthetic microimplants.  Am J Surg Pathol. 1999;  23 (1) 113-117
  • 45 Hoffmann C, Schuller-Petrovic S, Soyer H P, Kerl H. Adverse reactions after cosmetic lip augmentation with permanent biologically inert implant materials.  J Am Acad Dermatol. 1999;  40 (1) 100-102
  • 46 Ellis D A, Makdessian A S, Brown D J. Survey of future injectables.  Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2001;  9 (3) 405-411

Deborah WatsonM.D. 

Division of Head and Neck Surgery, UCSD School of Medicine

3350 La Jolla Village Drive #112C

San Diego, CA 92161

    >