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DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-824864
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Insulinpumpentherapie bei Typ 1-Diabetes mellitus
Insulin pump treatment in type 1 diabetes mellitusPublication History
eingereicht: 10.2.2004
akzeptiert: 29.4.2004
Publication Date:
21 July 2004 (online)

Der Verlauf des Diabetes und seiner Folgekomplikationen bei einem Patienten hängt wesentlich von der Qualität der Stoffwechseleinstellung ab. In vielen Studien, herausragend in der DCCT [39] [40] [42], wurde dies nachgewiesen. Gegenüber der konventionellen Therapie zeigte sich die Überlegenheit der intensivierten Diabetestherapie mit ICT (intensivierte konventionelle Insulintherapie) oder CSII (kontinuierliche subkutane Insulin-Infusion). Entscheidender Vorteil der CSII ist die Möglichkeit der vollständigen Trennung und individuellen Steuerbarkeit von prandialer und basaler Insulinversorgung.
Die Einführung der Insulinpumpentherapie in die Behandlung des Typ 1-Diabetes erfolgte 1977 [7]. Damals galten ausgeprägte Blutglukoseschwankungen, Dawn-Phänomen, unregelmäßiger Tagesablauf und der Wunsch nach Flexibilität sowie die optimale Stoffwechselführung in der Schwangerschaft als Indikationen. Hypoglykämieprobleme stellten eine Kontraindikation dar. Mit Verbesserung der Pumpentechnik, mehr Sicherheit und effizienterer Patientenschulung sind die Indikationen erweitert worden. In den 90er-Jahren sank die Rate akuter Hypoglykämien unter CSII. Gegenüber der ICT lässt sich die Stoffwechseleinstellung unter CSII verbessern und die Häufigkeit schwerer Hypoglykämien reduzieren [24] [44]. Heute zählt die Hypoglykämieneigung zu den Hauptindikationen der Pumpentherapie. Bei Kindern und Jugendlichen wird die CSII seit 1979 eingesetzt, anfangs nur in Einzelfällen bei besonderen Problemen. Seit ca. 5 Jahren findet sie eine rasch zunehmende Verbreitung mit ähnlichen Indikationen wie bei Erwachsenen [3] [19] [36] [37] [43] [45].
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