Subscribe to RSS
Please copy the URL and add it into your RSS Feed Reader.
https://www.thieme-connect.de/rss/thieme/en/10.1055-s-00000069.xml
Download PDF
Semin Liver Dis 2004; 24: 79-88
DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-832932
DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-832932
Natural History and Management of Hepatitis C Infection After Liver Transplantation
Further Information
Publication History
Publication Date:
02 September 2004 (online)
With almost universal virological recurrence and a projected several-fold increase in HCV-related end-stage liver disease within the next decade, a clear understanding of the natural history of posttransplant HCV infection and optimization of the management of recurrent HCV infection are imperative. This article describes the natural history, risk factors, and current strategies for the amelioration of posttransplant HCV infection.
KEYWORDS
HCV natural history - HCV management
REFERENCES
- 1 Davis G L, Albright J E, Cook S F, Rosenberg D M. Projecting the future healthcare burden from hepatitis C in the United States. Hepatology. 1998; 28 390A
- 2 Gane E J, Portmann B C, Naoumov N V et al.. Long-term outcome of hepatitis C infection after liver transplantation. N Engl J Med. 1996; 334 815-820
- 3 Nery J, Esquenazi V, Weppler D et al.. Hepatitis C in liver transplantation: preliminary study of prognostic factors. Transpl Int. 1994; 7(Suppl 1) S229-S231
- 4 Gane E J, Naoumov N V, Qian K P et al.. A longitudinal analysis of hepatitis C virus replication following liver transplantation. Gastroenterology. 1996; 110 167-177
- 5 Boker K HW, Dalley G, Bahr M J et al.. Long-term outcome of hepatitis C virus infection after liver transplantation. Hepatology. 1997; 25 203-210
- 6 Bonilla Guerrero R, Batts K P, Burgart L J et al.. Early detection of hepatitis C allograft reinfection after orthotopic liver transplantation: a molecular and histologic study. Mod Pathol. 2000; 13 229-237
- 7 Garcia-Retortillo M, Forns X, Feliu A et al.. Hepatitis C virus kinetics during and immediately after liver transplantation. Hepatology. 2002; 35 680-687
- 8 Everhart J E, Wei Y, Eng H et al.. Recurrent and new hepatitis C virus infection after liver transplantation. Hepatology. 1999; 29 1220-1226
- 9 Feray C, Caccamo L, Alexander G J et al.. European collaborative study on factors influencing outcome after liver transplantation for hepatitis C. European Concerted Action on Viral Hepatitis (EUROHEP) Group. Gastroenterology. 1999; 117 619-625
- 10 Testa G, Crippin J S, Netto G J et al.. Liver transplantation for hepatitis C: recurrence and disease progression in 300 patients. Liver Transpl. 2000; 6 553-561
- 11 Berenguer M, Ferrell L, Watson J et al.. HCV-related fibrosis progression following liver transplantation: increase in recent years. J Hepatol. 2000; 32 673-684
- 12 Schluger L K, Sheiner P A, Thung S N et al.. Severe recurrent cholestatic hepatitis following orthotopic liver transplantation. Hepatology. 1996; 23 971-976
- 13 Lim H, Lau G, Davis G L et al.. Cholestatic hepatitis leading to hepatic failure in a patient with organ transmitted hepatitis C virus infection. Gastroenterology. 1994; 106 248-251
- 14 Berenguer M, Lopez-Labrador F X, Wright T L. Hepatitis C and liver transplantation. J Hepatol. 2001; 35 666-678
- 15 Forman L M, Lewis J D, Berlin J A et al.. The association between hepatitis C infection and survival after orthotopic liver transplantation. Gastroenterology. 2002; 122 889-896
- 16 Charlton M, Seaberg E, Wiesner R et al.. Predictors of patient and graft survival following liver transplantation for hepatitis C. Hepatology. 1998; 28 823-830
- 17 Sreekumar R, Gonzalez-Koch A, Maor-Kendler Y et al.. Early identification of recipients with progressive histologic recurrence of hepatitis C after liver transplantation. Hepatology. 2000; 32 1125-1130
- 18 Gordon F D, Poterucha J J, Germer J et al.. Relationship between hepatitis C genotype and severity of recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation. Transplantation. 1997; 63 1419-1423
- 19 Vargas H E, Laskus T, Wang L F et al.. The influence of hepatitis C virus genotype on the outcome of liver transplantation. Liver Transpl Surg. 1998; 4 22-27
- 20 Sanchez-Fueyo A, Gimenez-Barcons M, Puig-Basagoiti F et al.. Influence of the dynamics of the hypervariable region 1 of hepatitis C virus (HCV) on the histological severity of HCV recurrence after liver transplantation. J Med Virol. 2001; 65 266-275
- 21 Sullivan D G, Wilson J J, Carithers Jr R L et al.. Multigene tracking of hepatitis C virus quasispecies after liver transplantation: correlation of genetic diversification in the envelope region with asymptomatic or mild disease patterns. J Virol. 1998; 72 10036-10042
- 22 Hayashi J, Furusyo N, Ariyama I et al.. A relationship between the evolution of hepatitis C virus variants, liver damage, and hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis C viremia. J Infect Dis. 2000; 181 1523-1527
- 23 Berenguer M, Crippin J, Bass N et al.. Proposed strategy to reduce posttransplant HCV related disease progression. Hepatology. 2001; 34 407A
- 24 Cotler S J, Gaur L K, Gretch D R et al.. Donor-recipient sharing of HLA class II alleles predicts earlier recurrence and accelerated progression of hepatitis C following liver transplantation. Tissue Antigens. 1998; 52 435-443
- 25 Prieto M, Nicolas D, Rayon J M et al.. Donor-recipient HLA matching does not predict accelerated progression of hepatitis C following liver transplantation in genotype 1b infection. Hepatology. 2000; 32 261
- 26 Min A D, Saxena R, Thung S N et al.. Outcome of hepatitis C patients with and without hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing liver transplant. Am J Gastroenterol. 1998; 93 2148-2153
- 27 Berenguer M, Prieto M, San Juan F et al.. Contribution of donor age to the recent decrease in patient survival among HCV-infected liver transplant recipients. Hepatology. 2004; , (in press)
- 28 Burak K W, Kremers W K, Batts K et al.. Impact of cytomegalovirus infection, year of transplantation, and donor age on outcome after liver transplantation for hepatitis C. Liver Transpl. 2002; 8 362-369
- 29 Pirenne J, Decaluwe H, Aerts R et al.. Patients transplanted for hepatitis C should not receive livers from older donors. Hepatology. 2001; 34 408A
- 30 Baron P W, Sindram D, Higdon D et al.. Prolonged rewarming time during allograft implantation predisposes to recurrent hepatitis C infection after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2000; 6 407-412
- 31 Taniguchi M, Wachs M, Bak T et al.. Hepatitis C recurrence in living donor liver transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2002; 2 138
- 32 Ghobrial R M, Amerst F, Farmer D G et al.. Rapid and severe early HCV recurrence following adult living donor liver transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2002; 2 163
- 33 Papatheodoridis G V, Davies S, Dhillon A P et al.. The role of different immunosuppression in the long-term histological outcome of HCV reinfection after liver transplantation for HCV cirrhosis. Transplantation. 2001; 72 412-418
- 34 Sheiner P A, Schwartz M E, Mor E et al.. Severe or multiple rejection episodes are associated with early recurrence of hepatitis C after orthotopic liver transplantation. Hepatology. 1995; 21 30-34
- 35 Charlton M, Seaberg E. Impact of immunosuppression and acute rejection on recurrence of hepatitis C: results of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Liver Transplantation Database. Liver Transpl Surg. 1999; 5 S107-S114
- 36 Rosen H R, Chou S, Corless C L et al.. Cytomegalovirus viraemia; a risk factor for allograft cirrhosis after liver transplantation for hepatitis C. Transplantation. 1997; 64 721-726
- 37 Crippin J S, McCashland T M, Terrault N A et al.. A pilot study of the tolerability and efficacy of antiviral therapy in hepatitis C virus-infected patients awaiting liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2002; 8 350-355
- 38 Everson G T, Trouillot T, Trotter J et al.. Treatment of decompensated cirrhotics with a low-accelerating dose regimen (LADR) of interferon-alfa-2B plus ribavirin: safety and efficacy. Hepatology. 2000; 32 595A
- 39 Wright T L, Combs C, Kim M et al.. Interferon-alpha therapy for hepatitis C virus infection after liver transplantation. Hepatology. 1994; 20 773-779
- 40 Sheiner P A, Boros P, Klion F M et al.. The efficacy of prophylactic interferon alfa-2b in preventing recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation. Hepatology. 1998; 28 831-838
- 41 Gane E J, Tibbs C J, Ramage J K et al.. Ribavirin therapy for hepatitis C infection following liver transplantation. Transpl Int. 1995; 8 61-64
- 42 Gane E J, Lo S K, Riordan S M et al.. A randomized study comparing ribavirin and interferon alfa monotherapy for hepatitis C recurrence after liver transplantation. Hepatology. 1998; 27 1403-1407
- 43 Cattral M S, Hemming A W, Wanless I R et al.. Outcome of long-term ribavirin therapy for recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation. Transplantation. 1999; 67 1277-1280
- 44 Quadri R, Giostra E, Roskams T et al.. Immunological and virological effects of ribavirin in hepatitis C after liver transplantation. Transplantation. 2002; 73 373-378
- 45 Bizollon T, Palazzo U, Ducerf C et al.. Pilot study of the combination of interferon alfa and ribavirin as therapy of recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation. Hepatology. 1997; 26 500-504
- 46 McHutchison J G, Gordon S C, Schiff E R. Hepatitis Interventional Therapy Group . Interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination with ribavirin as initial treatment for chronic hepatitis C. N Engl J Med. 1998; 339 1485-1492
- 47 Davis G L, Esteban-Mur R, Rustgi V et al.. Interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination with ribavirin for the treatment of relapse of chronic hepatitis C. N Engl J Med. 1998; 339 1493-1499
- 48 Mazzaferro V, Regalia E, Pulvirenti A et al.. Prophylaxis against HCV recurrence after liver transplantation: effect of interferon and ribavirin combination. Transplant Proc. 1997; 29 519-521
- 49 Kapur A, Rodriguez M J, Schecter P et al.. Interferon alfa and ribavirin in established post liver transplant recurrent hepatitis C infection. Gastroenterology. 1998; 114 A1268
- 50 Giostra E, Kullak-Ublick G, Keller W et al.. Ribavirin/interferon-alfa sequential treatment of recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation. Hepatology. 2001; 34 641A
- 51 Lavezzo B, Rizzetto M, Smedile A et al.. Combination therapy of interferon alfa 2b and ribavirin for recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation. J Hepatol. 1999; 30 67
- 52 El-Amin O A, Poterucha J, Zein N et al.. Interferon and ribavirin therapy for recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation. Hepatology. 1999; 30 247A
- 53 Wasserman R, Brau N, Hassanein T et al.. Once weekly epoetin alfa increases hemoglobin and decreases RBV discontinuation among HCV patients who develop anemia on RBV/IFN therapy. Hepatology. 2000; 32 368A
- 54 Heathcote E J, Shiffman M L, Cooksley W G et al.. Peginterferon alfa-2a in patients with chronic hepatitis C and cirrhosis. N Engl J Med. 2000; 343 1673-1680
- 55 Zeuzem S, Feinman S V, Rasenack J et al.. Peginterferon alfa-2a in patients with chronic hepatitis C. N Engl J Med. 2000; 343 1666-1672
- 56 Fried M W, Shiffman M L, Reddy K R et al.. Pegylated (40 kDa) interferon alfa-2a (PEGASYS) in combination with ribavirin: efficacy and safety results from a phase III, randomized, actively controlled, multicenter study. Gastroenterology. 2001; 120 A55
- 57 Manns M, McHutchison J G, Gordon S C et al.. Peginterferon alfa 2-B plus ribavirin compared to interferon interferon alfa 2-B plus ribavirin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: 24 week treatment analysis of a multicenter, multinational phase III randomized controlled trial. Hepatology. 2000; 32 552A
- 58 Ferenci P, Peck-Radosavljevic M, Vogel W et al.. 40 kDa peginterferon alfa-2a (Pegasys) in post-liver transplant recipients with established recurrent hepatitis C: preliminary results of a randomized multicenter trial. Hepatology. 2001; 34 406A
- 59 Manzarbeitia C, Tepermann L, Chalasani N et al.. 40 KDa peginterferon alfa-2a (Pegasys) as a prophylaxis against hepatitis C infection recurrence after liver transplantation (LT): preliminary results of a randomized multicenter trial. Hepatology. 2001; 34 406A
- 60 Vargas H E, Rosati M J, Douglas D D et al.. Combination pegylated interferon alpha-2b and ribavirin in transplant patients with recurrent hepatitis C infection: a preliminary report. Hepatology. 2001; 34 407A
- 61 Feray C, Samuel D, Gigou M et al.. An open trial of interferon alfa recombinant for hepatitis C after liver transplantation: antiviral effects. Hepatology. 1995; 22 1084-1089
- 62 Vargas V, Charco R, Castells L et al.. Alpha-interferon for acute hepatitis C in liver transplant patients. Transplant Proc. 1995; 27 1222-1223
- 63 de Vera M E, Smallwood G A, Davis L et al.. Interferon-A and ribavirin for the treatment of recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation. Hepatology. 2000; 32 516A
- 64 Feray C, Gigou M, Samuel D et al.. Incidence of hepatitis C in patients receiving different preparations of hepatitis B immunoglobulins after liver transplantation. Ann Intern Med. 1998; 128 810-816
- 65 Manzarbeitia C, Kaul V, Zaeri N et al.. Is interferon monotherapy useful in a subset of liver transplant recipients with hepatitis C recurrence?. Hepatology. 2001; 34 638A
- 66 Cotler S J, Ganger D R, Kaur S et al.. Daily interferon therapy for hepatitis C virus infection in liver transplant recipients. Transplantation. 2001; 71 261-266
- 67 Casanovas T, Ramos E, Serrano T et al.. Pilot study with the combination of interferon alfa and ribavirin for recurrent post-liver transplantation hepatitis C. Causes of treatment failure in two different populations. Hepatology. 2001; 34 291A
- 68 Gotz G, Schon M R, Haefker A et al.. Treatment of recurrent hepatitis C virus infection after liver transplantation with interferon and ribavirin. Transplant Proc. 1998; 30 2104-2106
- 69 Gopal D V, Rabkin J M, Berk B S et al.. Treatment of progressive hepatitis C recurrence after liver transplantation with combination interferon plus ribavirin. Liver Transpl. 2001; 7 181-190
- 70 Fischer L, Sterneck M, Valentin-Gamazo C et al.. Treatment of severe recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation with ribavirin plus interferon alpha. Transplant Proc. 1999; 31 494-495
- 71 Ahmad J, Weck K, Shakil A O. Correlation of HCV genomic diversity with outcome after liver transplantation. Hepatology. 2001; 34 561A
- 72 De Vera M E, Smallwood G A, Rosado K et al.. Interferon-alpha and ribavirin for the treatment of recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation. Transplantation. 2001; 71 678-686
- 73 Menon K VN, Poterucha J J, El-Amin O M et al.. Treatment of posttransplantation recurrence of hepatitis C with interferon and ribavirin: lessons on tolerability and efficacy. Liver Transpl. 2002; 8 623-629
Michael CharltonM.D.
Transplant Center CH-10 Mayo Clinic and Foundation
200 First Street S.W.
Rochester, MN 55905
Email: charlton.michael@mayo.edu