RSS-Feed abonnieren
DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-836087
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Systemische und regionale Effekte vasoaktiver Substanzen[1]
Systemic and regional effects of vasoactive drugsPublikationsverlauf
eingereicht: 24.9.2004
akzeptiert: 2.11.2004
Publikationsdatum:
19. November 2004 (online)

Die Frage nach dem sinnvollen Einsatz von vasoaktiven Substanzen, insbesondere von Katecholaminen, im Rahmen der Kreislauftherapie von Intensivpatienten erscheint überflüssig, denn in nahezu jedem Lehrbuch der Pharmakologie oder der Intensivmedizin finden sich Tabellen, die die Effekte der verschiedenen Katecholamine auf die einzelnen Rezeptortypen und auf die verschiedenen Organe bzw. Organsysteme darstellen. Die heute bekannten systemischen und regionalen Effekte der verschiedenen Katecholamine beruhen jedoch zum großen Teil auf tierexperimentellen Studien und Untersuchungen an gesunden Probanden. Es muss aber davon ausgegangen werden, dass sich bei kritisch Kranken, z. B. unter den Bedingungen der Sepsis, die Effekte der Katecholamine - insbesonders auf regionaler Ebene - erheblich von denen unter physiologischen Bedingungen unterscheiden [2]. Darüber hinaus haben viele Katecholamine bei durchaus vergleichbaren Wirkungen auf Parameter der globalen Hämodynamik in einzelnen Organsystemen unterschiedliche Effekte. Eine Neubewertung der zur Verfügung stehenden Katecholamine, insbesondere bezüglich ihrer Effekte auf die Perfusion einzelner Organe, ist daher unumgänglich.
kurzgefasst: Die Effekte von Katecholaminen bei kritisch Kranken, insbesondere in Bezug auf die Durchblutung einzelner Organe, unterscheiden sich oft von den bekannten Wirkungen bei gesunden Probanden.
1 Die Arbeit wurde unterstützt durch das Kompetenznetz Sepsis (SepNet), gefördert vom deutschen Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Förderkennzeichen: 01 KI 0106)
Literatur
- 1
Bellomo R, Chapman M, Finfer S, Hickling K, Myburgh J.
Low-dose dopamine in patients with early renal dysfunction: a placebo-controlled
randomised trial. Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS)
Clinical Trials Group.
Lancet.
2000;
356
2139-2143
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 2
Bersten A D, Hersch M, Cheung H, Rutledge F S, Sibbald W J.
The effect of various sympathomimetics on the regional circulations in hyperdynamic
sepsis.
Surgery.
1992;
112
549-561
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 3
Bollaert P E, Bauer P, Audibert G, Lambert H, Larcan A.
Effects of epinephrine on hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in dopamine-resistant
septic shock.
Chest.
1990;
98
949-953
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 4
Burchardi H, Briegel J, Eckart J. et al .
Expertenforum: Hämodynamisch aktive Substanzen in der Intensivmedizin.
Anästhesiologie & Intensivmedizin.
2000;
41
562-631
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 5
De Backer D, Creteur J, Silva E, Vincent J L.
Effects of dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine on the splanchnic circulation
in septic shock: which is best?.
Crit Care Med.
2003;
31
1659-1667
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 6
Dellinger R P, Carlet J M, Masur H. et al .
Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic
shock.
Intensive Care Med.
2004;
30
536-555
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 7
Desjars P, Pinaud M, Bugnon D, Tasseau F.
Norepinephrine therapy has no deleterious renal effects in human septic shock.
Crit Care Med.
1989;
17
426-429
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 8
Desjars P, Pinaud M, Potel G, Tasseau F, Touze M D.
A reappraisal of norepinephrine therapy in human septic shock.
Crit Care Med.
1987;
15
134-137
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 9
Di Giantomasso D, Morimatsu H, May C N, Bellomo R.
Intrarenal blood flow distribution in hyperdynamic septic shock: Effect of norepinephrine.
Crit Care Med.
2003;
31
2509-2513
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 10
Dive A, Foret F, Jamart J, Bulpa P, Installe E.
Effect of dopamine on gastrointestinal motility during critical illness.
Intensive Care Med.
2000;
26
901-907
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 11
Duke G J, Briedis J H, Weaver R A.
Renal support in critically ill patients: low-dose dopamine or low-dose dobutamine?.
Crit Care Med.
1994;
22
1919-1925
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 12
Dunser M W, Mayr A J, Ulmer H. et al .
The effects of vasopressin on systemic hemodynamics in catecholamine-resistant
septic and postcardiotomy shock: a retrospective analysis.
Anesth Analg.
2001;
93
7-13
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 13
Giraud G D, MacCannell K L.
Decreased nutrient blood flow during dopamine- and epinephrine- induced intestinal
vasodilation.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther.
1984;
230
214-220
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 14
Gutierrez G, Clark C, Brown S D. et al .
Effect of dobutamine on oxygen consumption and gastric mucosal pH in septic
patients.
Amer J Respir Crit Care Med.
1994;
150
324-329
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 15
Hesselvik J F, Brodin B.
Low dose norepinephrine in patients with septic shock and oliguria: effects
on afterload, urine flow, and oxygen transport.
Crit Care Med.
1989;
17
179-180
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 16
Hollenberg S M, Ahrens T S, Astiz M E. et al .
Practice parameters for hemodynamic support of sepsis in adult patients in sepsis.
Crit Care Med.
1999;
27
639-660
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 17
Holmes C L, Walley K R, Chittock D R, Lehman T, Russell J A.
The effects of vasopressin on hemodynamics and renal function in severe septic
shock: a case series.
Intensive Care Med.
2001;
27
1416-1421
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 18
Kern H, Schroder T, Kaulfuss M. et al .
Enoximone in contrast to dobutamine improves hepatosplanchnic function in fluid-optimized
septic shock patients.
Crit Care Med.
2001;
29
1519-1525
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 19
Kiefer P, Tugtekin I, Wiedeck H. et al .
Effect of a dopexamine-induced increase in cardiac index on splanchnic hemodynamics
in septic shock.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
2000;
161
775-779
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 20
Klinzing S, Simon M, Reinhart K, Bredle D L, Meier-Hellmann A.
High-dose vasopressin is not superior to norepinephrine in septic shock.
Crit Care Med.
2003;
31
2646-2650
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 21
Landry D W, Levin H R, Gallant E M. et al .
Vasopressin deficiency contributes to the vasodilation of septic shock.
Circulation.
1997;
95
1122-1125
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 22
Leier C V.
Regional blood flow responses to vasodilators and inotropes in congestive heart
failure.
Am J Cardiol.
1988;
62
86E-93E
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 23
Levy B, Bollaert P E, Charpentier C. et al .
Comparison of norepinephrine and dobutamine to epinephrine for hemodynamics,
lactate metabolism, and gastric tonometric variables in septic shock: A prospective,
randomized study.
Intensive Care Med.
1997;
23
282-287
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 24
Levy B, Bollaert P E, Lucchelli J P. et al .
Dobutamine improves the adequacy of gastric mucosal perfusion in epinephrine-treated
septic shock.
Crit Care Med.
1997;
25
1649-1654
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 25
MacGregor D A, Prielipp R C, Butterworth J F, James R L, Royster R L.
Relative efficacy and potency of beta-adrenoceptor agonists for generating cAMP
in human lymphocytes.
Chest.
1996;
109
194-200
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 26
Martikainen T J, Tenhunen J J, Uusaro A, Ruokonen E.
The effects of vasopressin on systemic and splanchnic hemodynamics and metabolism
in endotoxin shock.
Anesth Analg.
2003;
97
1756-1763
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 27
Martin C, Eon B, Saux P, Aknin P, Gouin F.
Renal effects of norepinephrine used to treat septic shock patients.
Crit Care Med.
1990;
18
282-285
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 28
Martin C, Viviand X, Leone M, Thirion X.
Effect of norepinephrine on the outcome of septic shock.
Crit Care Med.
2000;
28
2758-2765
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 29
Meier-Hellmann A, Bredle D L, Specht M, Hannemann L, Reinhart K.
Dopexamine increases splanchnic blood flow but decreases gastric mucosal pH
in severe septic patients treated with dobutamine.
Crit Care Med.
1999;
27
2166-2171
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 30
Meier-Hellmann A, Bredle D L, Specht M. et al .
The effects of low dose dopamine on splanchnic blood flow and oxygen uptake
in patients with septic shock.
Intensive Care Med.
1997;
23
31-37
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 31
Meier-Hellmann A, Reinhart K, Bredle D L. et al .
Epinephrine impairs splanchnic perfusion in septic shock.
Crit Care Med.
1997;
25
399-404
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 32
Neviere R, Mathieu D, Chagnon J L, Lebleu N, Wattel F.
The contrasting effects of dobutamine and dopamine on gastric mucosal perfusion
in septic patients.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
1996;
154
1684-1688
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 33
O’Brien A, Clapp L, Singer M.
Terlipressin for norepinephrine-resistant septic shock.
Lancet.
2002;
359
1209-1210
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 34
Patel B M, Chittock D R, Russell J A, Walley K R.
Beneficial effects of short-term vasopressin infusion during severe septic
shock.
Anesthesiology.
2002;
96
576-582
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 35
Prielipp R C, MacGregor D A, Royster R L. et al .
Dobutamine antagonizes epinephrine’s biochemical and cardiotonic effects: results
of an in vitro model using human lymphocytes and a clinical study in patients
recovering from cardiac surgery.
Anesthesiology.
1998;
89
49-57
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 36
Reinelt H, Radermacher P, Fischer G. et al .
Effects of a dobutamine-induced increase in splanchnic blood flow on hepatic
metabolic activity in patients with septic shock.
Anesthesiology.
1997;
86
818-824
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 37
Silverman H J, Tuma P.
Gastric tonometry in patients with sepsis. Effects of dobutamine infusions and
packed red blood cell transfusions.
Chest.
1992;
102
184-188
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 38
Sprung C L, Bernard G R, Dellinger R P.
Guidelines for the management of severe sepsis and septic shock.
Intensive Care Med.
2001;
27
1-134
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 39
Tsuneyoshi I, Yamada H, Kakihana Y. et al .
Hemodynamic and metabolic effects of low-dose vasopressin infusions in vasodilatory
septic shock.
Crit Care Med.
2001;
29
487-493
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 40
Uusaro A, Ruokonen E, Takala J.
Gastric mucosal pH does not reflect changes in splanchnic blood flow after cardiac
surgery.
Br J Anaesth.
1995;
74
149-154
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 41
Van den Berghe G, de Zegher F.
Anterior pituitary function during critical illness and dopamine treatment.
Crit Care Med.
1996;
24
1580-1590
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 42
van Haren F M, Rozendaal F W, van der Hoeven J G.
The effect of vasopressin on gastric perfusion in catecholamine-dependent patients
in septic shock.
Chest.
2003;
124
2256-2260
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 43
Varga C, Pavo I, Lamarque D. et al .
Endogenous vasopressin increases acute endotoxin shock-provoked gastrointestinal
mucosal injury in the rat.
Eur J Pharmacol.
1998;
352
257-261
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 44
Vincent J L, Van der Linden P, Domb M. et al .
Dopamine compared with dobutamine in experimental septic shock: relevance to
fluid administration.
Anesth Analg.
1987;
66
565-571
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
1 Die Arbeit wurde unterstützt durch das Kompetenznetz Sepsis (SepNet), gefördert vom deutschen Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Förderkennzeichen: 01 KI 0106)
Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. habil. Andreas Meier-Hellmann
Klinik für Anästhesie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, HELIOS Klinikum Erfurt
GmbH
Nordhäuser Straße 74
99089 Erfurt
Telefon: 0361/7816076, 2051
Fax: 0361/7812052
eMail: ameier-hellmann@erfurt.helios-kliniken.de