Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Der Stellenwert der palliativen Hormonbehandlung des metastasierten Prostatakarzinoms
ist unumstritten. Die bilaterale Orchiektomie stellt hierbei das traditionelle Verfahren
zur Androgendeprivation dar, wurde jedoch in den letzten Jahren weitgehend zugunsten
der LHRH-Analoga-Therapie aufgegeben. Aufgrund der eingeschränkten ökonomischen Ressourcen
des Gesundheitssystems rückt die Bewertung der Therapiekosten aktuell wieder verstärkt
in den Focus des allgemeinen Interesses. Material und Methode: Insgesamt 83 Patienten mit einem metastasierten Prostatakarzinom wurden zwischen
Januar 1990 und Dezember 2000 in Form der subkapsulären bilateralen Orchiektomie androgendepriviert.
In einer retrospektiven Untersuchung wurden die Patienten hinsichtlich der Tumorremissionszeit,
Überlebenszeit, krankheitsassoziierten und postoperativ-chirurgischen Komplikationen
sowie des Kostenfaktors analysiert und mit den aktuellen Daten zur medikamentösen
Kastration verglichen. Ergebnisse: Das mittlere Patientenalter betrug 72,1 Jahre und der Allgemeinzustand entsprach
im Median einem ECOG-Performance-Status von 0. Bei einem durchschnittlichen Follow-up
von 35 Monaten waren die mediane Tumorremissionszeit und Überlebenszeit 29 Monate
respektive 36 Monate. In 14 % wurden postoperative Komplikationen nachgewiesen, die
in der Mehrzahl konservativ therapiert wurden. Psychologische Probleme ließen sich
aufgrund des Organverlustes nicht eruieren. Gemäß dem DRG-System kann von einem Krankenhaus
mit einem durchschnittlichen Case-Mix-Index der Eingriff mit einem Entgelt von 2160
€ berechnet werden. Unter Berücksichtigung einer identischen durchschnittlichen Überlebenszeit
und dem aktuellen Arzneimittelpreis der LHRH-Analoga (Zoladex® 3,6 mg) ist die Orchiektomie
um den Faktor 3,2 preiswerter als die medikamentöse Kastration. Schlussfolgerung: Bei äquivalentem onkologischen Outcome zur LHRH-Analoga-Therapie und geringer Morbidität
stellt die subkapsuläre bilaterale Orchiektomie aufgrund ihrer hohen Compliance und
der niedrigen Kosten eine sinnvolle Alternative in der Primärtherapie des metastasierten
Prostatakarzinoms dar.
Abstract
Background: The significance of palliative hormonal treatment of the metastatic prostate carcinoma
is indisputable. The bilateral orchiectomy hereby represents the traditional procedure
of androgen deprivation therapy, but in recent years it was given up to a large extent
in favour of the LHRH analogue therapy. Due to limited economic resources of the public
health system the evaluation of therapy costs becomes relevant again and has moved
in the centre of public interest. Materials and methods: Between January 1990 and December 2000 in a total of 83 patients with metastatic
prostate carcinoma were androgen-deprived undergoing a subcapsular bilateral orchiectomy.
In a retrospective study the patients were analysed with regard to tumour remission
time, survival time, disease-associated and postoperative surgical complications as
well as cost factors and the results were then compared to the current data of medical
castration. Results: The average age of patients was 72.1 years and the general condition met in median
an ECOG performance status of 0. A median follow-up of 35 months showed an median
tumour remission time and survival time of 29 months and 36 months, respectively.
In 14 % of cases postoperative complications were proved, which had been conservatively
treated in the majority. Psychological problems due to the loss of the organ were
not found out. Under the DRG system a hospital with an average Case Mix Index can
charge a fee of 2,160 € for this surgery. Taking an identical survival time and the
current drug price for the LHRH analoque (Zoladex® 3.6 mg) under consideration, the
orchiectomy is by the factor 3.2 less expensive than the medical castration. Conclusion: With an equivalent oncological outcome compared to the LHRH analogue therapy and
a less morbidity the subcaspular bilateral orchiectomy represents a reasonable alternative
in the primary therapy of the metastatic prostate carcinoma due to its high compliance
and lower costs.
Schlüsselwörter
Prostatakarzinom - Metastasen - chirurgische Kastration - Überleben - Nebenwirkungen
- Kostenanalyse
Key words
Prostate carcinoma - metastases - surgical castration - survival - side effects -
cost analysis
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Dr. med. Matthias May
Oberarzt der Urologischen Klinik, Carl-Thiem-Klinikum Cottbus, Lehrkrankenhaus der
Universitätsklinik Charité zu Berlin
Thiemstraße 111
03048 Cottbus
eMail: M.May@ctk.de