Download PDF
Horm Metab Res 2005; 37(4): 252-256
DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-861413
Original Clinical
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Pentosidine Plasma Levels and Relation with Metabolic Control in Diabetic Patients

A.  Lapolla1 , R.  Reitano1 , L.  Baccarin2 , G.  Sartore1 , M.  Plebani2 , D.  Fedele1
  • 1 Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Padua, Italy
  • 2 Azienda Ospedaliera, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Padua, Italy
Further Information

Publication History

Received 19 July 2004

Accepted after revision 20 October 2004

Publication Date:
13 June 2005 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Levels of plasma pentosidine, a well-known AGE, were measured in type 2 diabetic patients in varying states of metabolic control to verify possible relationships between this parameter and traditional metabolic control parameters such as HbA1c and plasma glucose levels. At baseline, mean values of fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c and pentosidine were significantly higher in diabetic patients than those of controls, confirming patients’ poor glycemic control. After ten months, patients with good metabolic control achieved showed near-normal HbA1c levels and reduced but not normalized pentosidine levels. Significant differences were found in the mean percentage decrease in the parameters. Regarding linear correlation, HbA1c levels only showed a positive relationship with plasma glucose values at baseline. Patients affected by chronic complications showed higher levels of pentosidine than those without complications. Thus, pentosidine plasma levels may be used to evaluate very long-term metabolic control in diabetic patients. In addition, a period of ten months of acceptable metabolic control is not enough to normalize pentosidine levels in diabetics, thus emphasizing the need for a longer period of improved metabolic control to reduce both this parameter and the burden of chronic diabetic complications.

Key words

Type 2 diabetes - Glycemic control - Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) - Pentosidine - Chronic complications

References

  • 1 The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group . The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.  N Engl J Med. 1993;  329 977-986
    Google Scholar
  • 2 UKPDS Group . Intensive blood glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33).  The Lancet. 1998;  352 837-851
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Vlassara H, Bucala R, Striker L. Pathogenic effects of advanced glycosylation: biochemical, biologic, and clinical implications for diabetes and ageing.  Lab Invest. 1994;  70 138-151
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Brownlee M, Cerami A, Vlassara H. Advanced glycosylation end products in tissue and the biochemical basis of diabetic complications.  N Engl J Med. 1988;  318 1315-1321
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Thornalley P J. Advanced glycation and the development of diabetic complications. Unifying the involvement of glucose, methylglyoxal and oxidative stress.  Endocrinol & Metabolism. 1996;  3 149-166
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Njoroge F G, Monnier V M. The chemistry of the Maillard reaction under physiological conditions: a review. In: Baynes JW, Monnier VM (eds) The Maillard reaction and Aging, Diabetes and Nutrition. New York; AR Liss 1989: 85-109
    Google Scholar
  • 7 Reiser K M. Nonenzymatic glycation of collagen in aging and diabetes.  Proc Soc Biol Med. 1998;  218 23-37
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Baynes J W, Thorpe S R. Role of oxidative stress in diabetic complications: a new perspective on an old paradigm.  Diabetes. 1999;  48 1-9
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Sell D R, Lapolla A, Odetti P, Fogarty J, Monnier V M. Pentosidine formation in skin correlates with severity of complication in individuals with long-standing IDDM.  Diabetes. 1992;  41 1286-1292
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Makita Z, Vlassarq H, Cerami A, Bucala R. immunochemical detection of advanced glycosylation end products in vivo.  J Biol Chem. 1992;  267 5133-5138
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Ono Y, Aoki S, Ohnishi K, Yasuda T, Kawano K, Tsukada Y. Increased serum levels of advanced glycation end-products and diabetic complications.  Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1988;  41 131-137
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Koenig R J, Peterson C M, Jones R L, Saudek C, Lehrman M, Cerami A. Correlation of glucose regulation and hemoglobin A in diabetes mellitus.  N Engl J Med. 1976;  295 417-420
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Wolffenbuttel B H, Giordano D, Founds H W, Bucala R. Long-term assessment of glucose control by hemoglobin-AGE measurement.  Lancet. 1996;  347 513-515
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Miura J, Yamagishi S, Uchigata Y, Takeuchi M, Yamamoto H, Makita Z, Iwamoto Y. Serum levels of non-carboxymethyllysine advanced glycation endproducts are correlated to severity of microvascular complications in patients with Type 1 diabetes.  J Diabetes Compl. 2003;  17 16-21
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Tsukahara H, Sekine K, Uchiyama M, Kawakami H, Hata I, Todoroki Y, Hiraoka M, Kaji M, Yorifuji T, Momoi T, Yoshihara K, Beppu M, Mayumi M. Formation of advanced glycosylation end products and oxidative stress in young patients with type 1 diabetes.  Pediatr Res. 2003;  54 419-24
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Weiss M F, Rodby R A, Justice A C, Hricik D E. Free pentosidine and neopterin as markers of progression rat diabetic nephropathy. Collaborative Study Group.  Kidney Int. 1998;  54 193-202
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Takeuchi M, Makita Z, Yanagisawa K, Kameda Y, Koike T. Detection of noncarboxymethyl lysine and carboxymethyl lysine advanced glycation end products (AGE) in serum of diabetic patients.  Mol Med. 1999;  5 393-405
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Daimon M, Sugiyama K, Kameda W, Saitoh T, Oizumi T, Hirata A, Yamaguchi H, Ohnuma H, Igarashi M. Increased urinary levels of pentosidine, pyrraline and acrolein adduct in type 2 diabetes.  Endocr J. 2003;  50 61-67
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Schiel R, Franke S, Appel T, Voigt U, Ross I S, Kientsch-Engel R, Stein G, Müller U A. Improvement in quality of diabetes control and concentrations of AGE-products in patients with type 1 and insulin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus studied over a period of 10 years (JEVIN).  J Diab Compl. 2003;  17 90-97
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Odetti P, Fogarty J, Sell D S, Monnier V M. Chromatographic quantitation of plasma and erythrocyte pentosidine in diabetic and uremic subjects.  Diabetes. 1992;  41 153-159
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Huggett A, Nixon D A. Use of glucose oxidase, peroxidase and o-dianisine in the determination of blood and urine glucose.  Lancet. 1957;  2 368-370
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Janes P K, Willis M C, Chon P P. Evaluation of minicolumn chromatographic procedure for the measurement of HbA1c. .  Clin Biochem. 1985;  18 32-36
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Keen H, Chlouverakis C. An immunoassay method for urinary albumin at low concentrations.  Lancet. 1963;  I 913-914
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Lapolla A, Flamini R, Dalla V edova , Senesi A, Reitano R, Fedele D, Basso E, Seraglia R, Traldi P. Glyoxal and methylglyoxal levels in diabetic patients: quantitative determination by a new GC/MS method.  Clin Chem Lab Med. 2003;  41 (9) 1166-1173
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Zdenka T, Misur I, Turk N, Benko B. Rat tissue collagen modified by advanced glycation: correlation with duration of diabetes and glycemic control.  Clin Chem Lab Med. 1999;  37 (8) 813-820
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Monnier V M, Bautista O, Kenny D, Sell D R, Fogarty J, Dahms W, Cleary P A, Lachin J, Genuth S. and the DCCT Skin Collagen Ancillary Study Group . Skin collagen glycation, glycoxidation and crosslinking are lower in subjects with long-term intensive versus conventional therapy of type 1 diabetes.  Diabetes. 1999;  48 870-880
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Berg T J, Bangstad H J, Torjensen P A, Osterby R, Bucala R, Hanssen K F. Advanced glycation end products in serum predict changes in the kidney morphology of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.  Metabolism. 1997;  46 (6) 661-665
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Berg T J, Snorgaard O, Faber J, Torjensen P A, Hildebrandt P, Mehlsen J, Hanssen K F. Serum levels of advanced glycation end products are associated with left ventricular diastolic function in patients with type 1 diabetes.  Diabetes Care. 1999;  22 (7) 1186-1190
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Aso Y, Inukai T, Tayama K, Takemura Y. Serum concentrations of advanced glycation end products are associated with the development of atherosclerosis as well as diabetic microangiopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.  Acta Diabetol. 2000;  37 87-92
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Jeffcoate S L. Diabetes control and complications: the role of glycated haemoglobin, 25 years on.  Diab Med. 2003;  21 657-665
    PubMedGoogle Scholar

A. Lapolla

Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Padua

Via Giustiniani 2 · 35100 Padua · Italy

Phone: +39 (49) 821 68 57

Fax: +39 (49) 821 68 38

Email: annunziata.lapolla@unipd.it

      >