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DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-866793
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Therapie mit oralen Antidiabetika - Besonderheiten bei koronarer Herzerkrankung
Therapy with oral antidiabetic agents - special considerations in the case of coronary heart diseasePublikationsverlauf
eingereicht: 18.1.2005
akzeptiert: 7.4.2005
Publikationsdatum:
19. April 2005 (online)

Die Therapie des Typ-2-Diabetes mit lebensstilverändernden Maßnahmen (Ernährung, körperliche Aktivität), antidiabetischen Tabletten (Sulfonylharnstoffe, Glinide = Sulfonylharnstoff-Analoga, Metformin, α-Glukosidasehemmstoffe, Thiazolidindione) und mit Insulin ist in den evidenzbasierten Leitlinien der Deutschen Diabetes Gesellschaft beschrieben: Im Wesentlichen soll die Behandlung entsprechend der bekannten Progression im Schweregrad eines Typ-2-Diabetes über die Zeit immer dann intensiviert werden, wenn die glykämischen Therapieziele nicht mehr erreicht werden. Die Therapieziele sollten individuell festgelegt werden. Bei jüngeren Patienten, deren Ziel es ist, eine möglichst normale Lebenserwartung zu erreichen, sprechen epidemiologische Daten für HbA1c-Werte um 6,5 % [41]. Dies bedeutet, dass eine Intensivierung der Therapie spätestens dann angezeigt ist, wenn der HbA1c 7,0 % überschreitet. Die Stufentherapie sieht zunächst eine Schulung mit dem Ziel der Lebensstilveränderung vor. Patienten mit Typ-2-Diabetes sollen lernen, eine diabetesgerechte Kost (kohlenhydratreich, bevorzugt langsam resorbierbare Kohlenhydrate, fettarm und nicht übermäßig eiweißreich), verteilt auf mehrere eher kleinere Mahlzeiten über den Tag einzuhalten und - je nach gesundheitlichen Möglichkeiten - mit einem Ausdauertraining zu beginnen. Anzustreben sind ca. 5 × 30 Minuten in der Woche [45]. Bei Versagen nicht medikamentöser Maßnahmen allein soll mit einer Monotherapie mit oralen Antidiabetika begonnen werden. Im Falle der meistens übergewichtigen Patienten ist Metformin das Mittel der Wahl [47], wird es nicht vertragen oder handelt es sich um nicht übergewichtige Patienten, ist ein Sulfonylharnstoff zu bevorzugen [47]. Der nächste Schritt zur Intensivierung der Behandlung wäre eine Kombination mehrerer oraler Antidiabetika [10] [11] [48] oder, spätestens wenn diese Behandlung nicht mehr ausreichend wirkt, eine Kombination mit Insulin [36] [51] oder eine alleinige Insulintherapie. Nach der Rechtsverordnung für das Disease-Management-Programm für Patienten mit Typ-2-Diabetes sind vorrangig lediglich Metformin (bei übergewichtigen Patienten) und Sulfonylharnstoffe (bei nicht übergewichtigen Patienten) sowie Insulin zu verwenden. Dennoch ist es gestattet, bei gegebener individueller Begründung relativ frei alle verfügbaren antidiabetischen Medikamente einzeln oder in Kombination zu verordnen.
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Prof. Dr. med. Michael A. Nauck
Diabeteszentrum Bad Lauterberg
Kirchberg 21
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