Semin Thromb Hemost 2005; 31(2): 129-138
DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-869518
Copyright © 2005 by Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA. Tel: +1(212) 584-4662.

Platelet Aggregation and Adenosine Diphosphate/Adenosine Triphosphate Receptors: A Historical Perspective

Marian A. Packham1 , J. Fraser Mustard2
  • 1Professor Emeritus, Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
  • 2The Founders' Network-CIAR, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
26 April 2005 (online)

ABSTRACT

The work of many investigators since adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was recognized as a platelet aggregating agent in 1961 has led to an appreciation of the important part that ADP plays in hemostasis and thrombosis. Recently, interest has focused on the platelet receptors for ADP and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Platelets are unique because they have two P2Y receptors that must act in concert to achieve a normal aggregation response. The P2Y1 receptor is responsible for mobilizing internal calcium, platelet shape change, and weak aggregation. The P2Y12 receptor inhibits adenylyl cyclase, but the concentration of cyclic AMP is reduced only if it has been raised from its low basal levels by stimulation of adenylyl cyclase by an aggregation inhibitor such as adenosine or prostaglandin I2. The abnormal bleeding of the rare patients whose platelets lack P2Y12 and the beneficial clinical effects of ticlopidine and clopidogrel that block this receptor indicate that P2Y12, in addition to inhibiting adenylyl cyclase, may have an as yet unidentified role that is needed for its cooperative aggregation effect with P2Y1. ATP stimulates a rapid influx of calcium into platelets through the P2X1 receptor, and it may synergize with ADP when these two nucleotides are released from platelets at a site of vessel injury.

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 Dr.
Marian A Packham

Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto

Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8

Email: m.packham@utoronto.ca

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