Der Einfluss genetischer Polymorphismen auf die Wirksamkeit von Medikamenten unter besonderer Berücksichtigung onkologischer Therapien

Zusammenfassung

Gen-Polymorphismen haben Einfluss auf die Effektivität eines Wirkstoffes, wenn sie in Genen lokalisiert sind, deren Enzyme am Stoffwechsel eines Medikamentes beteiligt sind. Etwa 40 % aller Wirkstoffe werden durch die genetisch polymorphe Enzymfamilie P450 Cytochrom metabolisiert, die den therapeutischen Erfolg modifizieren können. Ziel der pharmakogenetischen Analyse ist die frühzeitige Erkennung und Vermeidung von genetisch bedingten Medikamentennebenwirkungen sowie eine therapiebedingte Dosisanpassung. Für einige onkologisch wirksame Medikamente werden Polymorphismen beschrieben, deren Kenntnis helfen kann, die Ansprechrate in der onkologischen Therapie zu verbessern.

Summary

Genes of drug metabolizing enzymes modulate the efficacy of drugs if their polymorphisms contribute to an altered enzyme activity. Approximately 40 % of all drugs are metabolized by enzymes of the polymorphic P450 cytochrome family. This may lead to a modified therapeutical success due to gene variants which also affects cytostatic treatments. The aim of pharmacogenetic diagnostics is the detection of these polymorphisms before starting treatment. These informations are helpful to reduce the number of adverse drug reactions and allow dose adjustment according to the genotype. The introduction of molecular devices into therapies may also optimize the response to cytostatic treatments.

Schlüsselwörter

Polymorphismen - Medikamentenstoffwechsel - individuelle Variabilität - TPMT - UGT1A1 - EGFR - P450 Cytochrom

Keywords

Polymorphisms - drug metabolism - individual varability - TPMT - UGT1A1 - EGFR - P450 cytochrome

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