Unterschiedliche Entitäten mit ähnlichen Symptomen - Differenzialdiagnose und -therapie von Schlafapnoe und Hypoventilation

Zusammenfassung

Schlafapnoe und Hypoventilation sind zwei unterschiedliche Entitäten, die zu ähnlichen Symptomen führen und gemeinsam beim gleichen Patienten vorkommen können. Deswegen ist eine Trennung schwierig, und die Begriffe werden häufig vermengt. Die pathophysiologischen Mechanismen sind jedoch ebenso unterschiedlich wie die sich daraus ergebenden therapeutischen Schritte. Dies ist unter anderem gerade ein Problem des Obesitas-Hypoventilationssyndroms, hier treffen Schlafapnoe und Hypoventilation besonders häufig zusammen.

Summary

Sleep apnea and hypoventilation are two different entities with similar symptoms and the possibility of combined manifestation in the same patient. Therefore differentiation is often difficult and the definitions are mixed. But the pathophysiologic mechanisms are different and also the therapeutic consequences. For example we describe the obesity-hypoventilation syndrome. In this syndrome obstructive sleep apnoea and hypoventilation are very often combined.

Key Words

hypercapnia - hypoventilation - hypoxemia - noninvasive ventilation - respiratory insufficiency - sleep apnoea

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