Endosonographie in der Diagnostik und im Staging des Bronchialkarzinoms

Zusammenfassung

Heutzutage stellt die Endosonographie in Form des endobronchialen (EBUS) und des endoösophagealen Ultraschalls (EUS) eine Routineanwendung bei der Endoskopie in vielen pneumologischen Zentren dar. Drei verschiedene Techniken, die die Diagnostik und das Staging bei Patienten mit einem Bronchialkarzinom verbessern können, stehen zur Verfügung. Die klinische Anwendbarkeit und der diagnostische Zugewinn wurden in einer Vielzahl von Studien im Vergleich zu radiologischen und anderen diagnostischen Verfahren nachgewiesen. Es ist daher zu erwarten, dass die Bedeutung der Endosonographie als diagnostisches Instrument in naher Zukunft weiter zunimmt. Speziell die Methoden der EUS-Feinnadelaspiration (EUS-FNA) und/oder der EBUS kontrollierten transbronchialen Nadelaspiration (EBUS-TBNA) erscheinen in der Lage, invasivere Techniken wie die Mediastinoskopie in der Evaluation von Patienten mit einem Bronchialkarzinom zu verdrängen.

Abstract

Today endosonography in form of endobronchial (EBUS) and endoesophageal ultrasound (EUS) is a routine adjunct to endoscopy in many pulmonary centers. Three different techniques are available and can improve the diagnosing and staging in patients with lung cancer. The clinical application and the diagnostic benefit have been established in a lot of studies compared with conventional radiologic methods and other diagnostic procedures. The role of endosonography is expected to grow in the near future as an important tool. Especially the approaches with EUS-fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) and/or EBUS controlled transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) may be able to replace more invasive methods like mediastinoscopy for evaluating patients with lung cancer.

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