Pädiatrie up2date 2006; 1(2): 157-168
DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-944881
Kinderchirurgie
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Hodenhochstand

Helmut  Lochbühler
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
06 December 2006 (online)

Der Hodenhochstand gehört zu den häufigen Krankheitsbildern im Kindesalter. Trotz umfangreicher Literatur hierzu ist die Ätiologie des Hodenhochstands nicht eindeutig geklärt, und es besteht nach wie vor eine gewisse Unsicherheit über die beste rationale Therapie. Neuere Studien über die hormonelle Steuerung der Hodenentwicklung und den zeitlichen Kontext dieser Hormonwirkung erlauben jedoch eindeutige Empfehlungen für Therapie und Therapiezeitpunkt.

Literatur

  • 1 Whitaker R H. Undescended testis - the need for a standard classification.  Br J Urol.. 1992;  70 1-6
  • 2 Johnson J H. The undescended testis.  Arch Dis Child. 1965;  40 113-122
  • 3 Wyllie G G. The retractile testis.  Med J Aust. 1984;  140 403-405
  • 4 Berkowitz G S, Lapinski R H, Dolgin S E. et al . Prevalence and natural history of cryptorchidism.  Pediatrics. 1993;  92 44-49
  • 5 Gracia J, Navarro E, Guirado F, Pueyo C, Ferrandez A. Spontaneous ascent of the testis.  Br J Urol. 1997;  79 13-115
  • 6 Rusnack S L, Wu H Y, Huff D S. et al . The ascending testis and the testis undescended since birth share the same histopathology.  J Urol. 2002;  168 2590-2591
  • 7 Agarwal P K, Diaz M, Elder J S. Retractile testis - is it really a normal variant?.  J Urol. 2006;  175 1496-1499
  • 8 Scorer C G. The anatomy of testicular descent, normal and incomplete.  Br J Surg. 1962;  49 352-367
  • 9 Adham I M, Emmen J M, Engel W. The role of the testicular factor INSL3 in establishing the gonadal position.  Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2000;  160 11-16
  • 10 Hadziselimovic F, Zivkovic D, Bica D, Emmons L. The importance of mini-puberty for infertility in cryptorchidism.  J Urol. 2005;  174 1536-1539
  • 11 Huff D S, Hadziselimovic F, Snyder 3rd H M , Blythe B, Ducket J W. Histologic maldevelopment of unilaterally cryptorchid testes and their descended partners.  Eur J Ped. 1993;  152 Suppl 2 11-14
  • 12 Hadziselimovic F, Herzog B. The importance of both an early orchidopexy and germ cell maturation for fertility.  Lancet. 2001;  358 1156-1157
  • 13 Lee P A. Fertility in cryptorchidism. Does treatment make a difference?.  Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1993;  22 479-490
  • 14 Chilvers D, Dudley N E, Gough M H. Undescended testis: the effect of treatment on subsequent risk of subfertility and malignancy.  J Pediatr Surg. 1986;  21 691-696
  • 15 Gilbert J B, Hamilton J B. The incidence and nature of tumors in ectopic testes.  Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1940;  71 731-743
  • 16 Campbell H E. The incidence of malignant growth of the undescended testicle.  Arch Surg. 1942;  44 353-369
  • 17 Herrinton L J, Zhao W, Husson G. Management of Cryptorchism and risk of Testicular cancer.  Amer J Epidem. 2003;  157 602-605
  • 18 Skakkebaek N E, Berthelsen J G, Giwercman A, Muller J. Carcinoma-in-situ of the testis: possible origin from gonocytes and precursor of all types of germ cell tumours except spermatocytoma.  Int J Androl. 1987;  10 19-28
  • 19 Hadziselimovic F, Herzog B. Hodenerkrankungen im Kindesalter. Stuttgart; Hippokrates Verlag 1990
  • 20 Parker L. Causes of testicular cancer.  Lancet. 1997;  350 827-828
  • 21 Bell A I. Psychological implications of the scrotal sac and testes for the male child.  Clin Pediatr. 1974;  13 838-843
  • 22 Kanemoto K, Hayashi Y, Kojima Y, Maruyama T, Ito M, Kohri K. Accuracy of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of non-palpable testis.  Int J Urol. 2005;  12 668-672
  • 23 Papparella A, Parmeggiani P, Cobellis . et al . Laparoscopic management of nonpalpable testes: a multicenter study of the Italian Society of Video surgery in Ingancy.  J Pediatr Surg. 2005;  40 696-700
  • 24 Kubini K, Zachmann M, Albers N. et al . Basal inhibin B and the testosterone response to human chorionic gonadotropin correlate in prepubertal boys.  J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;  85 134-138
  • 25 Schwentner C, Oswald J, Kreczy A. et al . Neoadjuvant gonadotropin-releasing hormone therapy before surgery may improve the fertility index in undescended testes: a prospective randomized trial.  J Urol. 2005;  173 974-977
  • 26 Pyorala S, Huttunen N P, Uhari M. A review and meta-analysis of hormonal treatment of cryptorchidism.  J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995;  80 2795-2799
  • 27 Hjertkvist M, Lackgren G, Ploen L, Bergh A. Does HCG treatment induce inflammation-like changes in undescended testes in boys?.  Pediatr Surg. 1993;  28 254-258
  • 28 Benson D C, Lotfi M W. The pouch technique in the surgical correction of cryptorchidism in infants and children.  Surgery. 1967;  62 967-973
  • 29 Fowler R, Stephens F D. The role of testicular vascula anatomy in the salvage of high undescended testes.  Aust NZ Surg. 1959;  29 92-106
  • 30 O’Brien M F, Hegarty P K, Healy C, DeFrietas D, Bredin H C. One-stage fowler-stephens orchidopexie for impalpable undescended testis.  Ir J Med Sci. 2004;  173 18-19
  • 31 Domini R, Lima M, Domini M. Microvascular autotransplantation of the testis: the „refluo” technique.  Eur J Pediatr Surg. 1997;  7 288-291
  • 32 Saw K C, Eardley I, Dennis M J, Whitaker R H. Surgical outcome of orchiopexy. I. Previously unoperated testes.  Br J Urol. 1992;  70 90-94
  • 33 Mcheik J N, Levard G. Traitement laparoscopique des testicules impalpables.  Prog urol. 2002;  12 294-297
  • 34 Wilson-Storey D, McGenity K, Dickson J A. Orchidopexy: the younger the better?.  J R Coll Surg Edinb. 1990;  35 362-364

Prof. Dr. med. Helmut Lochbühler

Olgahospital Stuttgart · Kinderchirurgische Klinik

Bismarckstraße 8 · 70176 Stuttgart

Phone: 0711/992 3021

Fax: 0711/992 3039

Email: h.lochbühler@olgahospital.de

    >