Abstract
A mild and efficient method for N-arylation of nitrogen-containing heterocycles with
aryl halides to afford N- arylheterocycles in excellent yields using a Cu(II)-NaY catalyst in the presence of
K2 CO3 base is reported.
Key words
N-arylation - nitrogen heterocycles - aryl halides - Cu(II)-NaY zeolite
References and Notes
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Catalyst preparation: Cu(II)-NaY zeolite was prepared by ion-exchange of zeolite NaY (10 g) with a solution
of copper(II) acetate (2.86 g, 15.75 mmol in deionized water (150 mL) at r.t. for
24 h. The material was recovered by filtration, dried (110 °C) and calcined (550 °C)
in a flow of air. AAS analysis showed that the zeolite contained 6.84 wt% of Cu.
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Typical Experimental Procedure: A mixture of 4-bromo-toluene (1 mmol), imidazole (1.2 mmol), K2 CO3 (2 mmol) and Cu(II)-NaY (100 mg) in DMF (3 mL) was heated to 120 °C for the specified
time (Table
[2 ]
). The progress of the reaction was monitored by GC or TLC. The reaction mixture was
filtered to separate the catalyst and the filtrate was quenched with aq NaHCO3 and the product extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with
brine, dried over Na2 SO4 and concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography to afford pure
1-(4-methylphenyl)-1H -imidazole.
1-(4-Methylphenyl)-1
H
-imidazole (Table
[2 ]
, entry 7). 1 H NMR (CDCl3 ): δ = 7.76 (br s, 1 H), 7.24 (br s, 4 H), 7.19 (br s, 1 H), 7.13 (br s, 1 H), 2.39
(s, 3 H); MS (EI): m /z (%) = 158, 131, 104, 91 (100) 50; Anal. Calcd for C10 N2 H10 : C, 75.95; N, 17.72; H, 6.33. Found: C, 76.09; N, 17.75; H, 6.16.
1-(4-Nitrophenyl)-1
H
-imidazole (Table
[2 ]
, entry 1): mp 203 °C; 1 H NMR (CDCl3 ): δ = 8.37 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2 H), 7.93 (br s, 1 H), 7.58 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2 H), 7.32 (br s, 1 H), 7.24 (br s, 1 H); MS (EI): m /z (%) = 189 (100), 159, 141, 116, 89, 50; Anal. Calcd for C9 N3 O2 H7 : C, 57.14; N, 22.2; H, 3.7; Found C, 57.42; N, 22.59; H, 3.19. All products are reported compounds and have been identified by 1 H NMR and mass spectrometric data.
[5 ]