Diurnal Variation in Insulin-stimulated Systemic Glucose and Amino Acid Utilization in Pigs Fed with Identical Meals at 12-Hour Intervals

Abstract

The diurnal variation in insulin-stimulated systemic glucose and amino acid utilization was investigated in eleven pigs of ∼ 40 kg. Pigs were fed isoenergetic/isoproteinic diets (366 kJ/kg BW^0.75 per meal) in two daily rations (06:00 and 18:00 h). After a 3-week habituation period, hyperinsulinemic euglycemic euaminoacidemic clamp studies (by intra-portal insulin, glucose and amino acids infusion and arterial blood sampling) were performed starting at 06:00 or 18:00 h (while skipping the meal), using a cross-over within-animal design. Basal (preclamp) plasma concentrations of insulin, glucose, lactate, individual amino acids and urea were similar in the morning compared to the evening. Insulin-stimulated (∼ 4-fold increase over basal) systemic glucose utilization was similar (17.6±1.4 and 18.9±1.8 mg·kg^-1·min^-1) but amino acid utilization was 19% greater in the morning vs. the evening (2.37±0.21 vs. 1.99±0.15 mg·kg^-1·min^-1, p<0.05), respectively. Insulin-stimulated plasma lactate concentrations remained constant in the morning (0.77±0.06 to 0.71±0.04 mmol·l^-1) but declined in the evening (0.89±0.09 to 0.65±0.06 mmol·l^-1, p<0.05). By contrast, insulin-stimulated plasma urea concentrations declined in the morning (2.48±0.11 to 2.03±0.10 mmol·l^-1, p<0.005) but remained constant in the evening (2.18±0.14 to 2.12±0.12 mmol·l^-1). In conclusion, pigs fed identical meals at 12-hour intervals follow a clear diurnal biorhythm in protein anabolism, with greater insulin-stimulated systemic amino acid utilization and lower plasma urea response in the morning compared to the evening.

Key words

Insulin sensitivity - circadian rhythm - protein anabolism - autonomic nervous system - urea - lactate - swine

References

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