Literatur
- 1
Cook D J, Walter S D, Cook R J. et al .
Incidence of and risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill
patients.
Ann Intern Med.
1998;
129
433-440
- 2
American Thoracic Society, Infectious Diseases Society of America .
Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated
and healthcare-associated pneumonia.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
2005;
171
388-416
- 3
Azoulay E, Timsit J F, Tafflet M. et al. for the Outcomerea Study Group .
Candida colonization of the respiratory tract and subsequent Pseudomonas ventilator-associated
pneumonia.
Chest.
2006;
129
110-117
- 4
Fagon J Y, Chastre J, Vuagnat A. et al .
Nosocomial pneumonia and mortality among patients in intensive care units.
JAMA.
1996;
275
866-869
- 5
Rello J, Torres A.
Microbial causes of ventilator-associoated pneumonia.
Semin Respir Infect.
1996;
11
24-31
- 6
Ewig S, Torres A, El-Ebiary M. et al .
Bacterial colonization patterns in mechanically ventilated patients with traumatic
and medical head injury. Incidence, risk factors, and association with ventilator-associated
pneumonia.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
1999;
159
188-198
- 7
Trouillet J L, Chastre J, Vugnat A. et al .
Ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by potentially drug-resistant bacteria.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
1998;
157
531-539
- 8
Kollef M H, Sherman G, Ward S, Fraser V J.
Inadequate antimicrobial treatment of infections: a risk factor for hospital mortality
among critically ill patients.
Chest.
1999;
115
462-474
- 9
Luna C, Vujachich P, Niederman M S. et al .
Impact of BAL data on the therapy and outcome of ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Chest.
1997;
111
676-687
- 10
Rello J, Ausina V, Ricart M, Castella J, Prats G.
Impact of previous antimicrobial therapy on the etiology and outcome of ventilator-associated
pneumonia.
Chest.
1993;
104
1230-1235
- 11
Fabregas N, Ewig S, Torres A. et al .
Clinical diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia revisited: comparative evaluation
using immediate postmortem biopsies.
Thorax.
1999;
54
867-873
- 12
Kahn F W, Jones J M.
Diagnosing bacterial respiratory infection by bronchoalveolar lavage.
J Infec Dis.
1987;
155
862-869
- 13
Kirkpatrick M B, Bass J B.
Quantitative bacterial cultures of bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and protected brush
catheter specimens from normal subjects.
Am Rev Respir Dis.
1989;
139
546-548
- 14
Marquette C H, Wallet F, Copin M C. et al .
Relationship between microbiologic and histiologic features in bacterial pneumonia.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
1996;
154
1784-1787
- 15
Ewig S.
Validierung diagnostischer Techniken bei der Beatmungspneumonie: eine Kritik.
Pneumologie.
1999;
53
513-520
- 16
Ewig S, Torres A.
Flexible bronchoscopy for nosocomial pneumonia.
Clin Chest Med.
2000;
22
263-279
- 17
Gibot S, Cravoisy A, Levy B. et al .
Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells and the diagnosis of pneumonia.
N Engl J Med.
2004;
350
451-458
- 18
Mehta R, Niederman M S.
Adequate empirical therapy minimizes the impact of diagnostic methods in patients
with ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Crit Care Med.
2000;
28
3092-3094
Prof. Dr. med. Santiago Ewig
Thoraxzentrum Ruhrgebiet, Kliniken für Pneumologie und Infektiologie, Evangelisches
Krankenhaus Herne und Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt Bochum
Bergstraße 26
44791 Bochum
Phone: 0234/5172461
Fax: 0234/5172463
Email: ewig@augusta-bochum.de
Email: s.ewig@evk-herne.de
URL: http://www.pneumologie-ewig.de
