Barosinusitis Resulting in Hematoma Formation in the Maxillary Sinus: Report of a Case

Introduction: Barotrauma of the paranasal sinuses is a risk factor for anyone exposed to ambient pressure changes during flying or diving. Barosinusitis is characterized by inflammation due to a negative pressure between the sinus and the atmosphere. Submucosal edema and vascular engorgement can occur. In severe cases the mucosa is stripped from the bone resulting in hematoma formation.

Material and Method: A 32-year-old male patient, a professional diver, was presented for consultation. He reported pressure, pain, nasal congestion, and epistaxis. Endoscopical findings included erythema, edema, and congested mucous membranes. CT and MRI scans revealed mucosal thickening and hematoma formation in the maxillary sinus. The patient underwent septoplasty, turbinectomy, and Caldwell-Luc operation.

Results: The patient returned to full activity within 30 days following surgery.

Conclusion: The incidence of barosinusitis is higher in people participating in activities involving rapid pressure changes (military pilots, aircrew, and divers). Surgical therapy is designed to restore sinus ventilation, control any predisposing factors, and clear the symptoms.