Surgical Management of Mediastinal Tumors and Fibrosis

Abstract

Mediastinal tumors are uncommon and often asymptomatic if benign. Tumors have a predilection for arising in one of three mediastinal compartments: the anterior, middle, or posterior. If symptoms are present, they are usually compressive in origin. Computed tomography is almost always the imaging modality of first choice. Benign-appearing lesions are usually resected for cure. Malignant-appearing lesions usually require biopsy by the least invasive route appropriate for the suspected tumor type. Mediastinal fibrosis is thought to be caused by Histoplasma capsulatum most commonly and usually presents with progressive compressive symptoms. Oral antifungal agents have been reported to control the disease. Stenting, superior vena caval bypass, and resectional surgery are sometimes required to palliate obstructive processes.

Key Words:

Mediastinal tumors - mediastinal fibrosis - surgery